Bitcoin, Economic Freedom, and Underground Economies: A Tax Evasion Nexus

Niaz Ahmed Bhutto; Allah Ditta Nawaz; Shabeer Khan

doi:10.15408/etk.v24i2.42345

Authors

Niaz Ahmed Bhutto Sukkur IBA University
Allah Ditta Nawaz Sukkur IBA University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2397-2091
Shabeer Khan Al Yamamah University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v24i2.42345

Keywords:

Tax Evasion, Cryptocurrencies, Economic Freedom, Panel Models, Currency Demand Approach

Abstract

Research Originality: Our research uniquely integrates the dimension of economic freedom to assess its moderating effect on tax evasion in G-7 countries. This study also provides the latest tax evasion estimates in G-7 countries using the currency demand approach to measure the effectiveness of policies employed by the regulators to reduce large numbers of tax evasion.

Research Objectives: This study estimates tax evasion in G-7 countries and measures the impact of cryptocurrencies on tax evasion at different levels of economic freedom.

Research Method: This study employs the Currency Demand Approach to estimate tax evasion and then utilizes asymmetric/symmetric panel techniques (ARDL/NARDL) to confirm the impact of cryptocurrencies and all indicators of economic freedom on tax evasion.

Empirical Results: Our investigation unveils that cryptocurrencies significantly impact tax evasion. This study also finds economic freedom indicators' asymmetric/symmetric impact and confirms the moderating impact. Economic freedom indicators significantly increase/decrease the impact of cryptocurrencies on tax evasion.

Implications: Cryptocurrencies may be given due importance while drafting tax-related policies, and policymakers must maintain the optimum levels of economic freedom where cryptocurrencies do not support tax evasion.

JEL Classification: H26, E42, O17, E26, C33

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