PERSPEKTIF HAM TENTANG PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD (ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017)

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas ambang batas pencalonan presiden dan wakil presiden dalam Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum berdasarkan perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Presidential Threshold dalam pasal ini mensyaratkan ambang batas dukungan 20% kursi DPR atau 25% suara sah nasional pada pemilu legislatif sebelumnya. Penerapan Presidential Threshold tentu saja menimbulkan pro dan kontra di berbagai kalangan masyarakat Indonesia, pihak-pihak berkepentingan yang merasa hak politiknya terganggu oleh pasal ini mengajukan uji materil ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Meski Mahkamah Konstitusi telah berkali-kali memutuskan sebagai open legal policy, namun sebagian orang menganggap Presidential Threshold masih bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), khususnya Hak Politik. Hasil penelitian penulis menunjukkan bahwa Presidential Threshold dalam pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai dasar HAM, baik menurut teori universalitas maupun teori relativitas budaya HAM, nilai-nilai tersebut adalah seperti nilai kesetaraan serta nilai-nilai budaya lokal Indonesia. Bahkan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai pengawal konstitusi dan penafsir terakhir konstitusi telah memutuskan Presidential Threshold Pasal 222 UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 sah dan konstitusional sebagai delegasi amanat UUD 1945 Pasal 6A ayat (5) dan 22E ayat (6) dalam menentukan tata cara Pemilu. Oleh karena itu, Mahkamah Konstitusi menganggap Presidential Threshold sebagai open legal policy bagi legislator untuk menciptakan sistem pemilu yang baik dan memperkuat sistem presidensial di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Presidential Threshold, Hak Asasi Manusia, Hukum

Abstract

This research aims to discuss the presidential and vice presidential candidacy threshold in Article 222 of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections based on the perspective of Human Rights. The Presidential Threshold in this article requires a threshold of 20% support for House of Representative seats or 25% of valid national votes in the previous legislative elections. Of course, the implementation of the Presidential Threshold has brought pros and cons in various Indonesian societies, interested parties who feel that their political rights are disturbed by this article apply for a judicial review to the Constitutional Court. Although the Constitutional Court has decided many times as an open legal policy, some people consider the Presidential Threshold still contrary to Human Rights (HAM), especially Political Rights. The results of the author's research show that the Presidential Threshold in the view of Human Rights (HAM) does not conflict with basic human rights values, both according to the universality theory and the theory of cultural relativity of human rights, these values are like the value of equality and as well as local Indonesian cultural values. Even the Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution and the final interpreter of the constitution has decided the Presidential Threshold Article 222 of Law Number 7 of 2017 is valid and constitutional as a delegate of the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Article 6A paragraph (5) and 22E paragraph (6) in determining Election procedures. Therefore, the Constitutional Court considers the Presidential Threshold as an open legal policy for legislators to create a good electoral system and strengthen the presidential system in Indonesia.

Keywords: Presidential Threshold, Human Rights, Law