Information Security in the Digital Age: Legal Framework and Social Determinacy

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to determine the legal nature of information security and to substantiate its role as an independent object of legal regulation and criminal-law protection in the context of digital transformation. The methodology is based on a combination of formal-legal, systemic, interdisciplinary, and doctrinal methods, as well as elements of socio-legal analysis used to identify the relationship between technological development, information relations, and the transformation of legal norms. It is established that the development of the information society, the growing role of digital infrastructures, and the increasing risks of unauthorized access, dissemination, distortion, and misuse of information require a revision of traditional legal approaches to protecting public relations in the information sphere. The article proves that the social conditionality of information security protection is determined by a set of socio-economic, historical, political, and legal factors that justify the expansion and modernization of legal regulation, including criminal-law mechanisms. It is concluded that information security should be recognized as a distinct subject of legal protection, and that effective regulation in this area requires an integrated legal framework combining legislative, organizational, and institutional measures adapted to the realities of the digital age