Law and Sovereignty of the State in the Renegotiation of Freeport Contracts in Papua
Abstract
The mineral and coal mines have long been managed by foreign contracts between governments and foreigners. The position threatens the state's sovereignty over the wealth of natural resources. The study was to analyze the renege-management of Indonesia's Freeport mines in Papua. Socio-legal methods were used to analyze the renegotiation of Indonesia's Freeport management. The study found that according to the principle of state mastery over natural resources as a common property of Indonesian people's prosperity as in article 33 verses (3) constitution of 1945, the Indonesian government officially took over its 51-percent share of Freeport. It is part of an expression of national sovereignty over the management of its natural resources. With this position, Freeport's mining management is no longer based on a contract of work, but a Special Mining Business License which provides guarantees to business holders to have their licenses extended to provide certainty to mining business actors in conducting mining business in Indonesia.
Keywords: Renegotiation; Freeport; State Sovereignity
Hukum dan Kedaulatan Negara Dalam Renegosiasi Kontrak Freeport Di Papua
Abstrak
Pertambangan mineral dan batubara selama ini dikelola pihak asing berdasarkan kontrak antara pemerintah dan pihak asing. Posisi ini sesungguhnya mengancam kedaulatan negara atas kekeyaaan sumberdaya alam. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis renegosiasi pengelolaan tambang PT Freeport Indonesia di Papua. Metode socio-legal digunakan untuk menganalisis renegosiasi pengelolaan tambang PT Freeport Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan prinsip penguasaan negara atas sumberdaya alam sebagai common property bangsa Indonesia untuk kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pemerintah Indonesia secara resmi mengambil alih saham PT. Freeport Indonesia sebesar 51 %. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari perwujudan kedaulatan negara atas pengelolaan sumberdaya alamnya. Dengan posisi ini, pengelolaan tambang Freeport bukan lagi berdasarkan kontrak karya, melainkan Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus yang memberikan jaminan kepada pemegang usaha untuk diperpanjang izinnya unutk memberikan kepastian kepada pelaku usaha pertambangan dalam melakukan bisnis pertambangan di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Renegosiasi; Freeport; Kedaulatan Negara
Закон и суверенитет государства
при пересмотре договоров Freeport в Папуа
Аннотация
До настоящего времени управление добычей полезных ископаемых и угля осуществлялось иностранными сторонами на основании договоров между правительством и иностранными сторонами. Эта позиция фактически угрожает суверенитету государства над богатством природных ресурсов. Данное исследование направлено на анализ пересмотра условий руководства рудником компании Freeport Indonesia в Папуа. Социально-правовой метод был использован для анализа пересмотра условий руководства рудником компании Freeport Indonesia. Это исследование показало, что на основе принципа государственного контроля над природными ресурсами как общей собственностью индонезийского народа для процветания народа, как указано в пункте (3) статьи 33 Конституции 1945 года, правительство Индонезии официально приняло на себя акции из компании Freeport Indonesia на 51%. Эта политика является частью реализации государственного суверенитета над управлением своими природными ресурсами. С этой должностью управление горнодобывающей промышленностью Freeport больше не основывается на договоре на выполнение работ, а на специальной лицензии на горнодобывающий бизнес, которая предоставляет владельцам бизнеса гарантии продления их лицензий, чтобы обеспечить уверенность участников горнодобывающего бизнеса в ведении горнодобывающего бизнеса в Индонезии.
Ключевые Слова: Пересмотр; Freeport; Государственный суверенитет
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Book and Journal
Ballard, Chris., “Human Rights and the Mining Sector in Indonesia: A Baseline Study, Canberra: IIED and WBCSD, 2002
Banakar, Reza dan Max Travers (ed.), “Theory and Method in Socio-Legal Research”, Onati: Hart Publshing Oxford and Portland Oregon, 2005
Banks, Glenn.“Mining and the Environment in Melanesia: Contemporary Debates Reviewed” The Contemporary Pacific, Vol.14, No.1 (2002) : 44-45.
Barmann, Johannes. “Pacta Sunt Servanda. Considérations sur l'histoire du contrat consensuel”, Revue internationale de droit comparé Année, Vol.13, No. 1 (1961): 18-53.
Bliss, Philemon., Of Sovereignty, Clar, the Law Book Exchange, New Jersey, 2005.
B. Bosanquet., The Philosophical Theory of the State, Macmillan, London, 1899
Eleftheriadis, Pavlos., “Law and Sovereignty”, non-publised paper, Accesed on September, 2018.
Fenwick, Charles G., “International Law”, New York, 1967
Gevorgya, Karen., “Concept of State Sovereignty: Modern Attitudes”, non-published paper, accessed on September, 2018, h. 438-439
Hasan, P.A. Rifai., “Development, Power, and the Mining Industry in Papua: A Study of Freeport Indonesia” Journal of Business Ethics, 2009
Hasiman, Ferdy., "Business of Strong People vs. State Sovereignty", Kompas, 2019
Hasiman, Ferdy., “The Business of Strong People vs. State Sovereignty”, PT. Gramedia, Jakarta, 2019
Hertanto, Ari Wahyudi. “Contract of Work: A Study of Civil Law”, Journal of Law and Development, No. 2, (2008): 199.
Imron, Ali., “Analysis of the Bargaining Position Strength of the Indonesian Government in the Contract of Work of P.T. Freeport Indonesia”, Journal Cakrawala Hukum, Vol.18, No.2 (2013): 115
Jackson, Robert., “Sovereignty: The Evolution of an Idea”, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2007
Koentjaraningrat, "Community Research Methods", Gramedia, Jakarta, 1997
Lebreton, Gilles., Libertés publiques & droits de l’homme, Dalloz, Paris 2005
Sabouret, Dominique Chanollaud de, Droit constitutionnel contemporain, 8e édition, Paris, Dalloz, 2015
Leibholz, Gerhard., Politics and Law, A.W.Sijth Off -Leyden, 1965
Leith, Denise., “Freeport and the Suharto Regime (1965–1998)”, The Contemporary Pacific, Spring, 2002
L. Oppenheim, International Law, Vol. 1, (1962): 120,
Maxwell, Joseph A., Qualitative Research Designan Interactive Approach, Sage Publication, London, 2005
Mealey, George A., Grasberg, Indonesia: Freeport Mcmoran Cooper and Gold Inc, 1999
Moleong, Lexy J., Qualitative Research Methodology, Rosdakarya, Bandung, 2004
Nefi, Arman., Irawan Malebra, and Dyah Puspitasari Ayuningtyas., “Implications of the Enforcement of the Contract of Work of PT. Freeport Indonesia after Law no. 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining”, Journal of Law & Development, Vol. 48 No. 1 (2018): p. 140
Prokhovnik, Raia., “Sovereignty: History and Theory”, Contemporary Political Theory,No. 8 (2009): 470–472.
P.M. Ward., Sovereignty, London, 1928
Rakhmawati, Rosyidah., Investment Law in Indonesia in Facing the Global Era, Bayumedia Publishing, Malang, 2003
Reddy, Ahmad. “PT Freeport Indonesia's Contract of Work in the Perspective of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution” Journal of the Constitution, Vol. 13 No. 3 (2016): 618R. M. Maciver, The Modern State, London, 1928
Sabine, George H., “A History of Political Theory Dryden Press”, Tokyo, 1973
Saleng, Abrar.,Law of Mining, UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2004
Sandje, Rodrigue Ngando., Etat et nation dans le constitutionnalisme africain: étude thématique, Université de Bourgogne, 2013
Schwarzenberger, “George., Power Politics: A Study of World Society”, Stevens and Sons, London, 1964
Regulation
Government Regulation Number 24 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia (LNRI) of 2012 Number 45 of 2012, Supplement to the State Gazette (TLN) No. 5597.
Government Regulation Number 77 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia (LNRI) of 2014 Number 263, Supplement to the State Gazette (TLN) Number 5597.
Government Regulation Number 1 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia (LNRI) of 2017 Number 4. Supplement to the State Gazette (TLN) Number 6012.
Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 5 of 2017 concerning Increasing the Added Value of Minerals through Domestic Mineral Processing and Purification Activities
Websites
www.ptfi.co.id on September 24, 2018.
https://fcx.com/about. Accessed on October 6, 2019 at 10.30
https://ptfi.co.id/id/overview. Accessed on October 6, 2019, at 10.35
https://fcx.com/operations/indonesia. Accessed on October 10, 2019, at 17.30
https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/1183287/34/sejarah-freeport-di-indonesia-2-ertsberg-dan-andil-julius-tahija-1488028553/26. Accessed on October 8, 2019, at 17.05
https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fullText/2009/4TAHUN2009UU.HTM on October 15, 2019 at 08.09
https://setkab.go.id/perjanjian-divestasi-ditandatangani-indonesia-sah-jadi-pemilik-saham-mayoritas-freeport/ Accessed on September 10, 2019 at 16:30
https://www.bareksa.com/id/text/2018/07/12/ditandatangani-ini-isi-perjanjian-divestasi-51-persen-saham-freeport-ke-inalum/19753/news, Accessed on September 10, 2019 at 16.43
https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/begini-hitungan-dividen-dan-pembayaran-global-bond-inalum-setelah-punya-freeport Accessed on October 8, 2019 at 16.15
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/makro/17/08/29/ovfwqt-indonesia-tidak-mendapat-keuntungan-dari-kesepakatan-dengan-freeport-ini-alasannya, Accessed on Oktober 14, 2019 at 13.26
https://tirto.id/mengukur-plus-minus-akuisisi-51-persen-saham-freeport-dc7e, Accessed on October 10, 2019 at 14.36
https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20181227161728-4-48215/kritik-freeport-rizal-ramli-klaim-ada-cara-out-of-the-box, Accessed on October 14, 2019 at 15.19
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v9i2.21546 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
License URL: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/citahukum/index