Submission of a Civil Suit by a Prosecutor in the Interests of a State as a Way of Compensation for Damage, Caused by a Criminal Offence
Abstract
The outcome of every trial is always accompanied by some interest where the civil attains compensation and the criminal imprisonment and fines. In achieving the said interest in a trial process, it is the role of the prosecutor in establishing that the accused is guilty of the crime committed. This article articulates, that it is the role of the prosecutor to carry out justice in the name of the State whether during the criminal or civil trial. The principle is clear here as we all know that during criminal proceedings the prosecutor is the principal party, but such a trial cannot succeed if in the course of the criminal act the victim also incurred damages caused by the accused. In this regard, it is also the role of the prosecuting counsel to submit such a civil action that has caused damages to the victim. There are lots of complexities surrounding the understanding and interpretation of the word "interest of the state" as many states fail in establishing this in their various legislation in which the state of Ukraine is not an exception. Notwithstanding the importance of this concept in every trial whether civil or criminal, what becomes of its outcome when effective recognition is not attached to it in terms of legislative recognition? It is there in this safeguard that there was a necessity in examining the place occupied by the submission of civil suits for the interest of the state and its implications in matters related to damages was deemed necessary.
Keywords: Powers; Prosecutor's Office; Civil Lawsuit; Legal Guarantees; Procedural Order; Temporary Withdrawal; Arrest of Property
Pengajuan Gugatan Perdata oleh Penuntut untuk Kepentingan Negara Sebagai Cara Ganti Kerugian Akibat Tindak Pidana
Abstrak
Hasil dari setiap persidangan selalu disertai dengan beberapa kepentingan, di mana perdata memperoleh kompensasi, dan pidana penjara dan denda. Dalam mencapai kepentingan tersebut dalam proses persidangan, adalah peran jaksa dalam menetapkan bahwa terdakwa bersalah atas kejahatan yang dilakukan. Pasal ini mengartikulasikan, bahwa adalah peran kejaksaan untuk menegakkan keadilan atas nama negara baik dalam persidangan pidana maupun perdata. Prinsipnya jelas di sini seperti yang kita ketahui bersama bahwa dalam proses pidana jaksa adalah pihak utama, tetapi persidangan seperti itu tidak dapat berhasil jika dalam tindak pidana korban juga mengalami kerugian yang disebabkan oleh terdakwa. Berkenaan dengan itu, juga peran jaksa penuntut untuk mengajukan gugatan perdata yang telah menimbulkan kerugian bagi korban. Ada banyak kerumitan seputar pemahaman dan interpretasi kata "kepentingan negara" karena banyak negara gagal menetapkan ini dalam berbagai undang-undang mereka di mana negara Ukraina tidak terkecuali. Terlepas dari pentingnya konsep ini dalam setiap persidangan baik perdata maupun pidana, apa jadinya jika pengakuan yang efektif tidak dilampirkan padanya dalam hal pengakuan legislatif? Dalam pengamanan ini perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan terhadap tempat yang ditempati oleh pengajuan gugatan perdata untuk kepentingan negara dan implikasinya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kerugian dianggap perlu.
Kata Kunci: Kekuasaan; Kejaksaan; Gugatan Perdata; Jaminan Hukum; Tata Cara; Penarikan Sementara; Penangkapan Properti
Подача прокурором гражданского иска в интересах государства как способ возмещения вреда причиненного уголовным преступлением
Аннотация
Результат каждого судебного разбирательства всегда сопровождается определенным интересом, когда гражданское лицо получает уголовное заключение или штраф. В достижении указанного интереса в судебном процессе прокурор должен установить, что обвиняемый виновен в совершенном преступлении. В этой статье говорится, что деятельность прокурора осуществляется от имени государства, будь то во время уголовного или гражданского судопроизводства. Принцип здесь ясен, поскольку все мы знаем, что во время уголовного разбирательства прокурор является стороной обвинения, но судебное разбирательство может быть успешным, если ущерб, понесенный государством, будет возмещен обвиняемым. В этом отношении роль прокурора также состоит в том, чтобы подать гражданском иск, который является одним из наиболее эффективных способов возмещения вреда, причиненного уголовным преступлением. Есть много сложностей, связанных с пониманием и толкованием слова «заинтересованность государства», поскольку многие государства не могут это установить на уровне закона. Несмотря на важность этой концепции, эффективность возмещение вреда, причиненного государству, остается на низком уровне. Именно поэтому возникла необходимость в изучении места гражданского иска прокурора, как гарантии защиты интересов государства, а также определения его значения в вопросах, связанных с возмещением ущерба, причиненного уголовным правонарушением.
Ключевые слова: полномочия, прокуратура, гражданский иск, правовые гарантии, процессуальный порядок, временное изъятие, арест имущества.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bokov, D. K. (2012). Civil Suit of the Prosecutor in Criminal Proceedings in Protection of the Interests of the State: Abstract of thesis for Candidate of Legal Sciences degree. Moscow.
Bokov, D. K. (2017). Protection of Public and Private Interests Through the Filing and Maintenance of a Civil Action by the Prosecutor in the Criminal Process. Gaps in Russian Legislation. Number 1, 28-30.
Constitution of Ukraine: Law of 28.06.1996 № 254k/96-VR. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text.
Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: Law of April 13, 2012 № 4651-VI. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17.
Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case of constitutional petitions of the Supreme Arbitration Court of Ukraine and the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine on the official interpretation of the Article 2 of the Arbitration and Procedural Code of Ukraine (case on representation of state interests by the Prosecutor’s Office in Ukraine in the Arbitration Court) of 8 April 1999. Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v003p710-99.
Hetman, A. (ed.) (2012). Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: Scientific and Practical Commentary. Kharkiv: Law, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
Horhul, N. V. (2014). The Implementation of the Representative Function by the Prosecutor in Accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving the Prosecutor's Office Activities”. Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University: Series Jurisprudence. Volume 5. Number 2(3), 26–28.
Kovalenko, A. A. (2016). The Issues of the Submission of the Civil suit by a Prosecutor in the Interests of the State in Criminal Proceedings. Visegrad Journal on Human Rights. Number 5(1), 82–87.
Kovalenko, A. O. (2017). Regarding the Frameworks of the Submission a Civil Suit by a Prosecutor in Criminal proceedings. Current Trends of the Criminology and Criminal Procedure Development: thesis of the international scientific and practical conference related to the 100th anniversary of the birth of prof. M.V. Saltevskyi (Kharkiv, November 8, 2017) / Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Kharkiv, pp. 280–281.
Kravchenko, N. S. (2016). Subjects of Proving Civil Claim in Criminal. The Thesis for the Candidate’s Degree of Legal Sciences, by specialty 12.00.09 «Criminal Procedure and Criminology; Forensics examination; Operatively-Search Activity». National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv.
Lepey, M. V. (2017). Arrest of Property in Criminal Proceedings. The Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences, specialty 12.00.09 «Criminal Procedure and Criminology; Forensics examination; Operatively-Search Activity». National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv.
Mala O. R. (2010). The Basis for Prosecutor’s Representation in the Criminal Process. Bulletin of Zaporizhzhya National University: Series Law. Number 2, 193–196.
Mala, O. R. (2014). The Civil Lawsuit of the Prosecutor in the Criminal Proceedings: Abstract of thesis for Candidate of Legal Sciences Degree. Zaporizhzhia.
Nalyvayko, L. R. & Mala, O. R. (2012). The Prosecutor's Litigation’s Peculiarities in the Criminal Proceedings as a Means of the Prosecutor's Office Constitutional Functions’ Realization: Current Issues in the Area of Adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of the Dnipropetrovs’k State University of Internal Affairs. Number 1, 156–163.
Nalyvayko, L. R. & Mala, O. R. (2015). Interests of the State as the Subject in the Limitation of the Prosecutor in Criminal Proceedings. Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Number 2(160), 110–118.
Official website of the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine (statistical information section). Retrieved from https://www.gp.gov.ua/ua/1stat.
On the Prosecutor's Office: Law of Ukraine of 14.10.2014 № 1697-VII. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1697-18#Text.
The Opinion № 667/2012 on the Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Public Prosecutor's Office” (prepared by the Ukrainian Commission on Strengthening Democracy and the Rule of Law), adopted by the Venice Commission at its 92nd Plenary Session (12-13 October 2012). Retrieved from http://pravo.org.ua/files/Criminal%20justice/_.pdf.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v9i1.19793 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
License URL: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/citahukum/index