JUAL BELI ULAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF EMPAT MADZHAB: STUDI KASUS PASAR LAMA TANGERANG

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the laws governing the sale and purchase of snakes according to the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali) and to examine the practice of snake trading in Pasar Lama Tangerang as a case study. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach through literature study and field observation through interviews with sellers and buyers of processed snake meat. The results of the study show that the Hanafi and Maliki schools of thought permit the sale and purchase of snakes as long as there are benefits that are justified by sharia, such as for medicinal purposes, while the Shafi'i and Hambali schools of thought prohibit it because snakes are considered unclean animals and have no legitimate benefits according to sharia. Field findings show that the trade and consumption of snakes in Pasar Lama Tangerang is motivated by economic and cultural factors, as well as a belief in their medicinal benefits. In conclusion, the practice of buying and selling snakes is still a subject of legal debate among the schools of thought, and its application in society requires a proper understanding of the limits of sharia and the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, especially regarding the concepts of maslahah (public interest) and darurat (emergency).

Keywords: Buying and Selling Snakes, Four Schools of Thought, Pasar Lama Tangerang, Fiqh Muamalah.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hukum jual beli ular menurut pandangan empat mazhab fikih (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hambali) serta mengkaji praktik perdagangan ular di Pasar Lama Tangerang sebagai studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan observasi lapangan melalui wawancara dengan penjual dan pembeli olahan daging ular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mazhab Hanafi dan Maliki membolehkan jual beli ular selama terdapat manfaat yang dibenarkan secara syar’i, seperti untuk pengobatan, sedangkan mazhab Syafi’i dan Hambali mengharamkannya karena ular dianggap sebagai hewan yang najis dan tidak memiliki manfaat yang sah menurut syariat. Temuan lapangan memperlihatkan bahwa perdagangan dan konsumsi ular di Pasar Lama Tangerang dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor ekonomi, budaya, dan keyakinan akan manfaat pengobatan. Kesimpulannya, praktik jual beli ular masih menjadi perdebatan hukum di kalangan mazhab, dan penerapannya di masyarakat memerlukan pemahaman yang tepat mengenai batasan syariat dan prinsip maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, terutama terkait konsep kemaslahatan dan darurat.

Kata Kunci: Jual Beli Ular, Empat Mazhab, Pasar Lama Tangerang, Fikih Muamalah.