The Hidden Side of Regional Economic Growth in Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v15i1.50226Keywords:
government spending, poverty, economic resilience, composite index, covid-19Abstract
Research Originality: This research's novelty lies in its examination of the development of a multidimensional, non-compensatory framework, based on the Adjusted Mazziotta–Pareto Index (AMPI), which integrates regional fiscal priorities and socio-economic outcomes to map patterns of economic growth performance.
Research Objectives: This research aims to assess the patterns and dynamics of economic growth performance across regencies and municipalities in Bali Province before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular attention to differences in growth quality, resilience, and recovery.
Research Methods: This research employs the Adjusted Mazziotta–Pareto Index (AMPI) analysis from 2016 to 2024, which is constructed using five indicators: government spending on public services, education, health, lowering the poverty rate, and supporting GRDP growth.
Empirical Results: The results indicate that economic growth performance across regencies and municipalities in Bali Province is dynamic and heterogeneous, varying by region and period.
Implications: Regional development policies should prioritize the quality and resilience of economic growth by balancing public spending across structurally impactful sectors and adopting adaptive fiscal strategies.
JEL Classification: H72, O47, R11, I32
References
(Nuţă), A. C. C., Lupu, D., & Nuţă, F. M. (2023). The impact of public education spending on economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe. An ARDL approach with structural break. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1), 1261–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2086147
Afonso, A., & Alves, J. (2025). Does government spending efficiency improve fiscal sustainability? European Journal of Political Economy, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102403
Aldao, C., Blasco, D., & Poch Espallargas, M. (2025). Lessons from COVID-19 for the future: destination crisis management, tourist behaviour and tourism industry trends. Journal of Tourism Futures, 11(3), 406–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2022-0059
Antolin-Diaz, J., & Surico, P. (2025). The Long-Run Effects of Government Spending. American Economic Review, 115(7), 2376–2413. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20231278
Anwar, A., Hyder, S., Mohamed Nor, N., & Younis, M. (2023). Government health expenditures and health outcome nexus: a study on OECD countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(18). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123759
Ariyani, N., & Fauzi, A. (2024). Measuring the resilience of rural tourism in Indonesia using the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i4.3467
Arsa, I. K. S., Widiastini, N. M. A., & Koma, F. Y. I. (2021). Strategi Bertahan Masyarakat Denpasar Pada Masa Pandemi Covid- 19 (Studi Pada Penerima Program Stimulus Pip2). Jurnal Kewirausahaan Dan Bisnis, 26(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.20961/jkb.v26i2.54311
Auerbach, A., Gorodnichenko, Y., McCrory, P. B., & Murphy, D. (2022). Fiscal multipliers in the COVID19 recession. Journal of International Money and Finance, 126, 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102669
Balasubramanian, P., Burchi, F., & Malerba, D. (2023). Does economic growth reduce multidimensional poverty? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 161, 106119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106119
Bali, B. P. S. P. (2025). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Bali Menurut Lapangan Usaha 2020–2024.
Cooray, A., & Nam, Y. S. (2025). Public social spending, government effectiveness, and economic growth: an empirical investigation. Applied Economics, 57(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2302933
Dariwardani, N. M. I., Suardana, I. W., Sunarta, I. N., Mananda, I. G. P. B. S., & Cahyanto, I. (2025). Resilience in Bali’s Accommodation Businesses Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survival Analysis. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), 15(1), 173–203. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p07
DJPK. (2025). Realisasi APBD Belanja per Fungsi. 2025. https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?p=5412
Efthimiou, S. G. (2025). The Trends of Tourism Sector After Covid-19 Period: A Study of Strategy and Implications. Corporate and Business Strategy Review, 6(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv6i1art12
Emeru, G. M. (2023). Effect of Public Expenditure on Economic Growth in the Case of Ethiopia. Scientific World Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9305196
Fitriady, A., Silvia, V., & Suriani, S. (2022). Does Economic Growth Mediate Investment, Inflation, and Human Development Investment on Poverty in Indonesia? Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 11(2), 437–456. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v11i2.26145
Ikhwan, K. (2019). Deskripsi Reformasi Birokrasi Dalam Pelayanan Publik di Kabupaten Jembrana Provinsi Bali. Ensiklopedia of Journal, 2(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v1i5.306
Indonesia, K. K. R. I. (2019). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2019 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah.
Indonesia, K. K. R. I. (2024). Bantu Bangkitkan Ekonomi dan Infrastruktur di Gianyar, Ini Wujud Nyata Penggunaan Dana PEN Daerah. Berita Utama.
Kitole, F. A., Msoma, L. J., & Sesabo, J. K. (2024). Navigating the economic landscape: a comprehensive analysis of government spending, economic growth, and poverty reduction nexus in Tanzania. Applied Economics Letters, 32(9), 1306–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2024.2302902
Langston, C., & Crowley, C. (2022). Fiscal Success: Creating Quality Infrastructure in a Post-COVID World. Sustainability, 14(3), 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031642
Lazar, D., & Litan, C. M. (2022). Regional well-being in Romania: assessment after a decade of EU accession. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(7), 1009–1028. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2021-0480
Lin, B., & Zhou, Y. (2022). Measuring the green economic growth in China: Influencing factors and policy perspectives. Energy, 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122518
Maket, I., Szakalne Kano, I., & Vas, Z. (2024). Urban agglomeration and regional economic performance connectedness: Thin ice in developing regions. Research in Globalization, 8(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2024.100211
Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2022). Weighting in composit indices construction: The case of the Mazziotta-Pareto index. Rivista Italiana Di Economia Demografia e Statistica, 76.
Melati, A. P. S., & Sihaloho, E. D. (2025). The Future of Health Expenditure in ASEAN Countries: A Forecasting Analysis with ARIMA. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.46420
Mendoza-González, M. Á., Quintana-Romero, L., & Guerrero-Jiménez, A. (2024). Regional per capita income inequality and fiscal policy in Mexico, 1989–2021. The Annals of Regional Science, 73(4), 1681–1699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-024-01312-y
Murti, P. P. I., Siregar, H., & Sugema, I. (2023). Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemics and Wealth on Household Consumption in Java Island. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.32336
Naseer, S., Khalid, S., Parveen, S., Abbass, K., Song, H., & Achim, M. V. (2023). COVID- outbreak : Impact on global economy. Front. Public Health, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393 COPYRIGHT
Nofrianto, N., Muliana, Y., & Cahyadi, A. (2021). The Impact of Islamic Bank Financing, Government Spending, and Investment on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20469
Peng, C., & Xu, H. (2024). Universities and Cities: The Impact of Higher Education on Urban Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth. Asian Economic Papers, 23(2), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00890
Poku, K., Opoku, E., & Agyeiwaa Ennin, P. (2022). The influence of government expenditure on economic growth in Ghana: An Ardl approach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2160036
Prameswari, A., Muljaningsih, S., & Asmara, K. (2021). ANALISIS PENGARUH KEMISKINAN, INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) DAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI JAWA TIMUR. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(2), 75. https://doi.org/10.35906/jep.v7i2.909
Puspitasari, S. I. Dela, & Sudharma, I. W. P. A. (2025). Pengaruh Sektor Basis Non Pariwisata, Pendidikan dan UMK terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Bali. Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 14(10), 1475–1492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2025.v14.i10.p07
Sardoni, C. (2024). Public spending and growth: A simple model. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 69(December 2023), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2023.12.002
Scaccabarozzi, A., Mazziotta, M., & Bianchi, A. (2022). Measuring Competitiveness: A Composite Indicator for Italian Municipalities. Social Indicators Research, 173(1), 53–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02990-x
Shaddady, A. (2022). Is Government Spending an Important Factor in Economic Growth ? Nonlinear Cubic Quantile Nexus from Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA). Economies, 10(285). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10110286
Shara, A. R. I. D. (2021). Analysis of Basic and Non-Basic Sectors in Denpasar City in the middle of Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Sustainability (STPP) Theory, Practice and Policy, 1(2), 154–172. https://doi.org/10.30631/sdgs.v1i2.1012
Supratiyoningsih, L., & Yuliarmi, N. N. (2022). Pengaruh Investasi, Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 11(01), 1. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2022.v11.i01.p01
Wang, J., Cui, M., & Chang, L. (2023). Evaluating economic recovery by measuring the COVID-19 spillover impact on business practices: evidence from Asian markets intermediaries. Economic Change and Restructuring, 56(3), 1629–1650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09482-z
Wickramasinghe, K., & Naranpanawa, A. (2023). Tourism and COVID-19: An economy-wide assessment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55(January), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.013
Yasintha, P. N., Gelgel, N. M. R. A., Sukadi, B. D. N. R., Sari, N. P. M., & Pinatih, D. A. A. I. (2022). Resiliensi Pemerintah Kabupaten Gianyar dalam Mewujudkan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Transformative, 8(1), 57–80. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.transformative.2022.008.01.3
Yulianita, A., Ramadhan, D. R., & Mukhlis, M. (2023). Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 245–262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.31186.
Zhu, Y., Bashir, S., & Marie, M. (2022). Assessing the Relationship between Poverty and Economic Growth: Does Sustainable Development Goal Can be Achieved? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(19), 27613–27623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18240-5
Ziberi, B. F., Rexha, D., Ibraimi, X., & Avdiaj, B. (2022). Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Education on Economic Growth. Economies, 10(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10040089
Zubir, E., Hartono, D., Robiansyah, A., & Kharis, S. A. A. (2023). Pengaruh Realisasi Angaran Kesehatan, Anggaran Pendidikan dan Pariwisata Terhadap Penanggulan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(2), 1397–1404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v11i12
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nyoman Rahayu Trisanthi, Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
