What are the Spatial Linkage Patterns in East Kalimantan Region?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.45607Keywords:
spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial linkage, economic concentration, spatial interactionAbstract
Research Originality: This research is original research that examines the spatial linkage between regions in East Kalimantan Province comprehensively
Research Objectives: This study examines economic concentration and inter-regional connectivity and their impact on growth dynamics in East Kalimantan.
Research Methods: This research uses a Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis based on Moran’s Index, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, and Gravity Index. Data was analyzed from 10 regencies/cities in East Kalimantan from 2017 to 2023.
Empirical Results: The study results indicate weak spatial integration among regencies/cities in East Kalimantan. Moran’s Index shows low positive spatial autocorrelation, suggesting limited economic spillover from high-GRDP regions. Market structure analysis reveals sectoral dominance, particularly in mining, leading to low diversification and oligopolistic tendencies. Gravity Index findings highlight strong spatial interaction between Kutai Kartanegara and Samarinda, while Mahakam Ulu remains isolated.
Implications: This study shows that spatial linkages between regions in East Kalimantan remain weak, with the dominance of extractive sectors leading to a concentrated market structure and regional disparities. To address this, strategic regional planning is needed through improved connectivity, economic diversification, and the strengthening of non-extractive sectors. An inclusive and integrative policy approach is essential to achieve equitable and sustainable growth across the region.
JEL Classification: O1, O18, R11, R12
How to cite:
Lestari, E. K., Muslihatinningsih, F., & Shidqy, A. F. A (2025). What are the Spatial Linkage Patterns in East Kalimantan Region?. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2), 303-324. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.45607.
References
Anderson, J. E. (2011). The Gravity Model. Annual Review of Economics, 3, 133–160. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-111809-125114.
Asatryan, Z., Baskaran, T., Birkholz, C., & Hufschmidt, P. (2024). The Regional Economics of Mineral Resource Wealth in Africa. Economica, 91(364), 1424–1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12540.
Bain, J. S. (1951). Relation of Profit Rate to Industry Concentration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 65(3), 293–324. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882217.
Banurea, D., & Benardin, E. (2024). Analysis of Development Inequality and Leading Sectors in East Kalimantan. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(7), 2603–2618. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v3i7.10143.
Bruno, R. L. (2022). Market Concentration and Productivity in Resource-Based Economies: Evidence from Norway’s Oil And Gas Sector. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), 342–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12304.
Combes, P.-P., & Gobillon, L. (2015). The Empirics of Agglomeration Economies. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics2, 5, 247–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59517-1.00005-2.
David, T., Ito, H. D., Noor, M., & Effendi, S. N. (2024). Strategi Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat berbasis Sumber Daya Alam dan Kearifan Lokal di Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu. International Journal of Demos, 6(3), 502. https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v6i3.502.
Dira, A., Utomo, K., Bangun, M., Pramularso, E., & Syarief, F. (2023). Pengaruh Investasi dan IPM terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Hijau di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(2), 1437–1446. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v11i2.4181.
Espinosa, Y. G., Suparta, I. W., & Moniyana, R. (2024). International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting (IJEMA), 2(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.47353/ijema.v2i1.144.
Evcim, N., Yesilyurt, M. E. (2023). Spatial Interaction and Economic Growth: a Case of OECD Countries. Future Business Journal, 9, 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00270-9.
Fadhil, M. A., Haris, A., & Muhimmah, B. R. (2022). Kaji Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Transportasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Inklusif Ekonomi Regional. JMES: Jurnal Magister Ekonomi Syariah, 1(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.14421/jmes.2022.012-07.
Fahmi, A. (2022). Efek Spasial Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 19(2), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.30872/jakt.v19i2.
Fitriani, R., Wardhani, N. W. S., & Abdila, N. S. (2024). Spatial Autocorrelation of East Java’s Economic Growth Using Cluster-Based Weights. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 13(4), 491–503. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v13i4.19161.
Fitrianingtyas, W., & Nuryadin, M. R. (2025). Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kalimantan. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 6(2), 1119–1130.
Fitz, D., & Gouri Suresh, S. (2021). Poverty Traps Across Levels of Aggregation. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 16, 909–953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11403-021-00333-6.
Handoko, M. S. H., Riyanto, W. H., & Syaifullah, Y. (2020). Determinan Ketimpangan Pembangunan Ekonomi di Kabupaten dan Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE), 4(4), 637–649. https://doi.org/10.22219/jie.v4i4.13951.
Harits, D., Surahman, S., Mardhanie, A. B., Hutauruk, T. R., Salmani, M., & Faisal, M. (2022). Kajian Kawasan Pergudangan di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Abdimas Universal, 4(1), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v4i1.166.
Hermawan, A., & Yunani, A. (2025). Pengaruh Investasi Swasta, Infrastruktur Jalan, dan Belanja Modal Pemerintah terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2006-2021. JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 6(2), 631–641.
Higang, G., L., & Liestiawati, F., I., D. (2025). Evaluation of Budget Expenditure (Mandatory) of the Education Sector in Mahakam Ulu Regency. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 6(3), 2170–2179. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v6i3.3930.
Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Imaduddin, F. L., & Kharisma, B. (2024). Convergence of Regional Income Among Provinces in Kalimantan. Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(1), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.35590/jeb.v11i1.7697.
Irawan, B., Akbar, P., Purnomo, E.P., & Nurmandi, A. (2021). Development Planning to Accelerate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Mahakam Ulu District as a New Autonomous Region. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 34, 184–195. https://doi.org/10.20473/MKP.V34I22021.184-195.
Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Jayadevan, C., Hoang, N., & Yarram, S. (2025). Spillover Effects of Globalization Using Alternative Spatial Approaches. Applied Economics, 57(34), 5128-5147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2364118.
Jeleskovic, V., & Loeber, S. (2023). How Industrial Clusters Influence the Growth of the Regional GDP: A Spatial Approach. Papers, 2401.10261, arXiv.org.
Kaiser, N., & Barstow, C. K. (2022). Rural Transportation Infrastructure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Impacts, Implications, and Interventions. Sustainability, 14(4), 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042149.
Karmini, Saroyo, Karyati, Widiati, K.Y, Widuri, N, Sulichantini, E. D. (2022). Sektor Unggulan di Kabupaten Kutai Barat dan Kontribusinya dalam Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Riset Pembangunan, 5(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.36087/jrp.v5i1.
Khlystova, O., Kalyuzhnova, Y. (2025). Exploring Knowledge Spillovers: Innovation Strategies in Resource-Rich Countries. The Journal of Technology Transfer, In-press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10221-x.
Khotiawan M., Sakti R. K., W. S. T. (2023). An Analysis of the Effects of Spatial Dependence on Economic Growth Among Regency and City in Java. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 24(1), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v24i2.22109.
Kinanthi Y, & Indrayati, A. (2023). Distribution of Migas and Multiplier Effect for Local Revenue Income in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Geo-Image: Spatial-Ecological-Regional, 12(1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.15294/geoimage.v12i1.64700.
Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499.
Lasaiba, M. A. (2023). Pengembangan Wilayah Tertinggal di Indonesia: Optimalisasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Teknologi untuk Kemajuan yang Berkelanjutan. Jendela Pengetahuan, 16(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.30598/jp16iss1pp13-23.
Li, X., Ma, L., Ruman, A.M., Iqbal, N., & Strielkowski, W. (2024). Impact of Natural Resource Mining on Sustainable Economic Development: The Role of Education and Green Innovation in China. Geoscience Frontiers, 15(3), 101703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101703.
Ma, Z., Liu, T., Li, J., Liu, Z., & Chen, W. (2023). Spatial Effect Analysis of Forestry Technology Innovation on Forestry Industry Economic Growth. Forests, 14(3), 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030557
Marliani, R. (2021). Identifikasi Autokorelasi Spasial Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka. Buletin Statistika dan Aplikasi Terkini, 1(2), 39–49.
Moran, P. A. P. (1950). Notes on Continuous Stochastic Phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2332142.
Myrdal, G. (1957). Economic Theory and Under-Developed Regions. Richmond: Duckworth.
Nur, F. (2021). Analisis Perencanaan Pembangunan Ekonomi Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 4(2), 873–894. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4iSpesial Issue 2.756.
Nurjanana, N., Darma, D. C., Suparjo, S., Kustiawan, A., & Wasono, W. (2025). Two-Way Causality Between Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Scale in the New Capital of Indonesia. Sustainability, 17(4), 1656. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041656.
Obeng-Odoom, F. (2024). Balikpapan as a Developmental Environmentalist City: A Stratification Economics Approach. The Journal of Environment & Development, 34(2), 492–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/10704965241300206.
Pepall, L., Richards, D. J., & Norman, G. (2014). Industrial Organization: Contemporary Theory and Empirical Applications. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Permatasari, K. A., Pambudi, A., Puspitawati, E., & Kautsar, A. (2024). Analisis Sektor Unggulan dan Ketimpangan Antar Wilayah: Studi Kasus Provinsi Kalimantan Timur: Jurnal Ekonomi, Lingkungan, Energi, dan Bisnis (ELEGIS), 2(1), 1–26.
Perroux, F. (1955). Note Sur La Notion de ‘Pôle de Croissance. Economie Appliquee, 8, 307–320.
Pratiwi, M. C. Y., & Kuncoro, M. (2016). Analisis Pusat Pertumbuhan dan Autokorelasi Spasial di Kalimantan: Studi Empiris di 55 Kabupaten/Kota, 2000–2012. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 16(1), 51-60.
Purwadi., Darma, D. C., Aprianti, D. I., & Hakim, Y. P. (2019). Investment Development Strategy Management in Mahakam Ulu Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 51, 66-75. https://doi.org/10.7176/JPID/51-07.
Rahayu, S. E., & Febriaty, H. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan di Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, 24(2), 286-300.
Richardson, H. W. (1978). Urbanization, Regional Development and Peripheral Regions. Massachusetts: Methuen.
Rodriguez-Pose, A., & von Berlepsch, V. (2023). Spatial Development and the Role of Regional Interactions in Reducing Inequalities. Journal of Regional Science, 63(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12538.
Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Wilkie, C. (2018). Innovating in Less Developed Regions: What Drives Patenting in the Lagging Regions of Europe and North America. Growth and Change, 50(1), 4–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12280.
Sari, R. D., Warsilan., & Roy, J. (2018). Analisis Penggerak Ekonomi Kota Balikpapan. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Mulawarman (JIEM), 3(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29264/jiem.v3i4.4049.
Schmalensee, R. (1989). Inter-Industry Studies of Structure and Performance. In. Schmalensee, R., & Willig, R. D. (Eds.). Handbook of Industrial Organization. Netherland: Elsevier.
Sen, A., & Smith, T. E. (1995). Gravity Models of Spatial Interaction Behavior. Berlin: Springer.
Setiawan, M., Indiastuti, R., Hidayat, A. K., & Rostiana, E. (2021). R & D and Industrial Concentration in the Indonesian Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020112.
Vidriza, U. (2024). Interaksi dan Keterkaitan Spasial Wilayah di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan (JKEP), 6(1), 68–78. http://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v6i1.15841.
Wahyudin, Y. (2022). Analisis Desa/Kelurahan Pusat Pertumbuhan Wilayah Sekitar Calon Ibukota Negara Indonesia. Forum Ekonomi, 24(1), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v24i1.10448.
Wang, R., Zameer, H., Feng, Y., Jiao, Z., Xu, L. & G. A. (2019). Revisiting Chinese Resource Curse Hypothesis Based on Spatial Spillover Effect: A Fresh Evidence. Resources Policy, 64, 101521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101521.
Wijaya, A., Darma, S., Darma, D. C. (2020). Spatial Interaction between Regions: Study of the East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(6), 937–950. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150618.
Wijayanti, W. P., Machmud, S. K., & Subagiyo, A. (2023). Linkage among Two Satellite City: What Makes People Move? (Case Study: Bogor Regency and Depok City). Regional and Rural Studies, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.21776/rrs.v1i1.2.
Zhang, X., Li, C. & Gibson, J. (2024). The Role of Spillovers When Evaluating Regional Development Interventions: evidence from administrative upgrading in China. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 17, 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-024-00371-1.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Endah Kurnia Lestari, Fivien Muslihatinningsih, Achmad Faridh As Shidqy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
