Litteratura: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra (P-ISSN: 29622379, E-ISSN: 2962813X) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers and reviews in the fields of linguistics, literature, and translation. Articles are accepted in Arabic, Indonesian, or English. The journal aims to promote the advancement of these studies in the Arab world, Indonesia, and English-speaking regions by providing a platform for researchers. Published by the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA in collaboration with Ittihad Mudarrisi Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah (IMLA), this biannual journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars in related disciplines. The Litteratura: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra are currently undergoing a system migration to OJS 3. Old archives can be accessed via: https://journal2.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/litteratura We apologize for the inconvenience and thank you for your understanding.
Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Fiction and Tolerance: Comparative Perspectives from Kuwaiti and Indonesian Literature
In preserving diversity, literature frequently plays a central role by foregrounding themes and ideologies of tolerance. The issue of tolerance has become a global concern in literary studies, ranging from the Arab world to Indonesia. One Arab novel that explores this theme is Fi’rān Ummī Hiṣṣah (2015) by Su‘ud al-San‘usi from Kuwait, which narrates sectarian conflict between Sunni and Shi‘ite communities. In the Indonesian context, Kambing dan Hujan (2015) by Mahfud Ikhwan highlights encounters and tensions between Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. This study aims to analyze the representation of tolerance in both novels and compare their approaches. The research employs a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. Data were collected through close reading of characters’ actions, dialogues, and narrative events in both works. The theoretical framework is grounded in Abu A‘la Maududi’s theory of tolerance, Melani Budianta’s concept of Literature and Cross-Cultural Interaction, Ian Watt’s sociology of literature, and Henry H. Remak’s comparative literature. The findings reveal that both novels position tolerance as a solution to intra-religious conflicts. Although they share the same objective-preserving religious diversity-each novel presents distinct forms of tolerance shaped by its socio-cultural context. Fi’rān Ummī Hiṣṣah represents tolerance through events infused with communal interaction and everyday coexistence in public spaces, such as the exchange of educational institutions, attending funerals and mourning ceremonies, accepting ritual differences, and sharing public domains. Meanwhile, in Kambing dan Hujan, tolerance appears through ritual compromise, doctrinal negotiation, and religious dialectics, as each group is given equitable space to articulate its interpretations, arguments, and theological perspectives. These differences stem from the fact that Kuwait remains relatively distant from an institutionalized tradition of tolerance; thus, the novel presents inspirational forms of tolerance manifested through social practices of coexistence. In contrast, Indonesia-long accustomed to “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity) and diverse religious traditions offers a more intimate form of tolerance through dialogical engagements with doctrines, rituals, interpretations, and collective meaning-making among groups. Ultimately, both novels demonstrate that tolerance does not eliminate differences but rather reflects the willingness to manage and negotiate them constructively.
A Psychoanalytic and Psychosocial Study of Inner Conflict in Bisaraha by Abeer Nehme
This article analyzes the inner conflict experienced by the lyrical persona in the song “Bisaraha” by Abeer Nehme from the perspective of literary psychology. The inner conflict portrayed in the song is understood as a representation of emotional struggles rooted in past experiences and the need to be loved within an intimate relationship. This study employs a qualitative approach using content analysis as its primary method. The primary data consist of the Arabic lyrics of “Bisaraha” and their translation, while the secondary data include the official music video and relevant psychological literature. The analysis is conducted through data reduction, identification of psychological themes, and in-depth interpretation based on Karen Horney’s Social Psychoanalytic Theory and Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory. The findings indicate that the lyrical persona experiences basic anxiety arising from painful past relational experiences. This anxiety gives rise to a conflict between two neurotic tendencies proposed by Horney: moving toward people, which reflects the need for love and protection, and moving away from people, which represents the impulse to withdraw as a form of self-protection. In addition, the phenomenon of the Tyranny of the Should significantly influences the persona’s inner conflict, as reflected in idealistic expectations that a relationship must be perfect and that a partner should be capable of healing past emotional wounds. From Erikson’s perspective, the persona is situated within the crisis of Intimacy vs. Isolation, where the desire for emotional closeness confronts fears of rejection and betrayal. This study concludes that the inner conflict depicted in “Bisaraha” represents a complex portrayal of human emotional struggle in the pursuit of healthy intimacy. The findings affirm that song lyrics can serve as a significant source for understanding the psychological dynamics of literary characters and constitute a relevant object of study within literary psychology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ziyad Hubbillah
Illocutionary Act In The Main Character Of Weathering With You Movie
This research discusses about the illocutionary act that is uttered by the main character in the Weathering with you film by using John R. Searle’s illocutionary act theory. The purposes of this research are to analyze the type of illocutionary act and functions of illocutionary act on the main character in the film. The result of the research show from the dialogue, the researcher found four types of illocutionary act in thirty nine data which are; first, ten data of representative illocutionary act indicate stating, informing, alleging, aggreging, denying, affirming, believing, and convicting. Second, ten data of directive illocutionary act indicate commanding, asking, advising, and requesting. Third, five data of commissive illocutionary act indicate offering and promising and the last, five data of expressive illocutionary act indicate thanking, praising, apologizing, appreciating, lamenting, and wishing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nibroos Murtadho Sungkawa
An Analysis of Politeness Principles in the Film Wadjda Based on Leech’s Theory
Wadjda is a Saudi Arabian film directed by Haifaa al-Mansour and is the first film to be selected as the official representative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at an international film festival. The dialogues in this film contain numerous instances of linguistic politeness principles. Therefore, this study aims to identify utterances that employ politeness principles and to describe the forms of those utterances. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with the film Wadjda as the data source. The data consist of utterances produced by the main and supporting characters that contain politeness principles. Data were collected using an observation technique, while data analysis was conducted through orthographic transcription followed by data classification based on Leech’s (1983) theory of politeness. This study applies Leech’s (1983) politeness principle, which comprises six maxims: the tact maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. The results reveal 13 utterances that employ politeness principles, consisting of three utterances of the tact maxim, three of the generosity maxims, three of the modesty maxims, three of the approbation maxims, one of the agreement maxims, and one of the sympathy maxims. Based on these findings, the most dominant politeness principles are the tact maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, and approbation maxim. The findings of this study are consistent with the research conducted by Setiyono et al. (2021), which states that main and supporting characters tend to adhere to the tact maxim, generosity maxim, and modesty maxim.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhofifah NH, Cahya Buana
The Trauma Of Conformity: Identity Struggles In Dead Poets Society
This study examines psychological trauma caused by social conformity pressures experienced by Neil Perry in the film Dead Poets Society (1989). Using a qualitative film analysis approach grounded in Cathy Caruth’s Trauma Theory, the research analyzes selected scenes and dialogues to explore how trauma emerges, repeats, and remains unprocessed within the character’s identity formation. The data consist of purposively selected scenes and dialogues that depict parental authority, institutional discipline, and moments of self-assertion. The findings reveal that conformity pressures from family and educational institutions produce unresolved trauma manifested through silence, obedience, dissociation, and ultimately suicidal ideation. This study contributes to film trauma studies by demonstrating how Caruth’s concept of belatedness and unclaimed experience explains adolescent identity crises in cinematic narratives.
Linguistic Error Analysis in ChatGPT’s Translation of Haqq at-Tilāwati by Husni Sheikh Osman
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to the increasing use of automatic translation for Arabic religious texts, including works on tajwid and qira’at. However, studies that specifically map the types of linguistic errors produced by machine translation in Arabic religious texts remain limited. This study aims to analyze linguistic errors in ChatGPT’s Arabic-Indonesian translations from morphological, syntactic, and semantic perspectives.This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis, using a corpus consisting of one chapter, Faslun fi at-Talfiq, from the book Ḥaqq at-Tilawati by Husni Syeikh Osman. The data were obtained from ChatGPT’s translations of the Arabic source text and were classified according to categories of linguistic errors.The findings reveal that out of 37 identified error instances, semantic errors are the most dominant with 28 data points (76%), followed by syntactic errors with 6 data points (16%) and morphological errors with 3 data points (8%). The dominance of semantic errors indicates ChatGPT’s limitations in handling domain-specific terminology in tajwid and qira’at studies. These findings provide an initial overview of ChatGPT’s linguistic error patterns in translating tajwid texts and may serve as a preliminary reference for the critical use of machine translation in religious texts.
Conversational Implicature in the Film Nanti Kita Cerita tentang Hari Ini: A Pragmatic Analysis
This study aims to identify the implicatures present in dialogues among characters in the film Nanti Kita Cerita tentang Hari Ini. The data source of this research consists of character dialogues in the film that reflect conversational implicatures. The focus of the study is to identify implicatures contained in the characters’ utterances. Data were collected using observation and note-taking techniques. The implicatures identified include conversational implicatures and conventional implicatures. One of the main functions of implicature is to soften utterances, making them more polite. The film Nanti Kita Cerita tentang Hari Ini demonstrates various types of implicature, such as those expressing emotions, beliefs, and rejection. This indicates that dialogues which do not adhere to the cooperative principle may generate certain implicatures in conversation. The findings reveal that implicatures in the film function not only as linguistic devices but also as emotional strategies within family relationships. The characters employ implicature to convey disappointment, affection, and inner conflict without expressing them explicitly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muh Reva Fitra Rahmawan
Orientalism from a Postcolonial Perspective in the Novel Saffron Dreams by Shaila Abdullah
Saffron Dreams, written by Shaila Abdullah, is an intriguing work of fiction that tells the story of the harsh life of a Muslim woman from the East in America after the 9/11 tragedy. The double standards applied by America are not only limited to views of Muslims but extend to Eastern cultures as a whole. It is here that the Western perspective of the East, known as Orientalism, is portrayed as though the West is superior to the East. This study examines how American Orientalism and Postcolonialism influence and shape the identity dynamics of Arissa Illahi. This research employs a descriptive and qualitative method, using Edward Said's theory of Orientalism. The findings show that Arissa experiences various dynamics related to her identity, which is based on Islamic-Pakistani culture. Orientalism, within the context of American Postcolonialism, disturbs her identity as a Pakistani Muslim, leading to a series of crises and efforts at adaptation full of uncertainty. Arissa's character plays a crucial role as a representation of Muslim women, depicting the struggle of Eastern Muslim women fighting for their rights as human beings. Her struggle serves as a means of confronting Western Orientalist views, demonstrating solidarity with Muslim women from third-world countries living in America.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nabila Azzahra, Najihatul Ilmi, Muhammad Wahda Alhadi
The Aftermath of 9/11: The Struggles of Arab-American Muslims in Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land
This research discusses the impact of the 9/11 tragedy on Muslims in America, especially Arab-American Muslims. The two major characters as an Arab-American Muslim get bad behavior from the surrounding community who have already given bad prejudice against them. This is clear because the perpetrators of the 9/11 tragedy were Arab terrorists who acted in the name of Islam for their actions. This qualitative study uses it as a methodological framework to explore whether there is resistance from Muslims who receive bad treatment from society. The data and evidence that has been collected comes from the novel Once in a Promised Land, as well as from studies that intersect with the topic of this research. Edward Said's Orientalism Theory is used to reveal orientalist prejudice against Arab-Americans by engaging with Postcolonial Studies. The novel challenges orientalist prejudice by showing Islamic values through its major character. This resulted in findings which revealed that the bad prejudice about Islam caused by the 9/11 tragedy was countered by good character traits. Hence, the findings show that although the two major characters get a lot of prejudice and bad behavior from the surrounding community, this novel depicts them as opponents of oriental prejudice by showing the nature of Muslims which reflects the Islamic Values.
Copyright (c) 2024 Umar Mukhtar, Fatima Ayu Az-zahra, Rifa Alya Amanda
Khadra's Journey of Finding Her True Identity Across Different Cultures in Mohja Kahf's The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf
The novel The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf tells the story of a Muslim woman, Khadra Shamy, living in a non-Muslim country, experiencing various cultural and value clashes. Mohja Kahf, the author of the novel, portrays Khadra's journey in trying to discover her true identity as a Muslim woman. This article discusses the formation of Khadra Shamy’s identity in America. The study applies a descriptive qualitative method using Stuart Hall's theory of identity. The article also takes a feminist approach to examine the issues related to women, as the process of identity formation cannot be separated from her status as a woman. The research findings show that, in her quest to find her true identity, there are barriers to women's rights, such as negative prejudice, stereotypes, the existence of a patriarchal society, and injustice. In her search for identity, she resists through several actions, including divorce, abortion, removing her hijab, and trying photography. The process of forming her identity as both an Arab and American Muslim is influenced by various factors, including the Islamic teachings from her parents, which were strict yet did not limit women’s rights, and photography, which allowed her to capture various objects and made her realize that there are many different perspectives in society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ata Amrita Ikhtiyanti, Raissa Putri Azzahra
Communicative Translation Strategy in the Children's Story Bint Al-Ṣabbāgh by Kamil Kailani
The limited number of Arabic-to-Indonesian children's storybooks that apply communicative translation strategies poses a challenge in developing children’s literacy rich in moral values. This article aims to analyze communicative translation strategies in the children's story Bint al-Ṣabbāgh by Kamil Kailani, emphasizing acceptability and readability for young readers. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method by classifying and analyzing data based on communicative translation strategies. Ten core data segments were selected from the source text as they represent the narrative’s main structure. Each data segment was analyzed using two to three communicative translation strategies simultaneously, including ḥaẓf (omission of non-essential elements such as prepositions “di-” and “ke-”), taqdīm wa ta’khīr (shifting the order of subjects and predicates), tabdīl (substituting words for more communicative expressions), and ziyādah (adding explanatory elements relevant to the target culture). The findings indicate that communicative strategies can produce flexible, natural translations that are easily understood by children without diminishing the moral messages of the source text. Each strategy functions to adjust structure and meaning to align with the linguistic habits of Indonesian children. This study contributes to the practice of translating children's literature, especially from Arabic texts, and supports the development of educationally rich children’s books that are culturally adaptive to the target audience.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rizka Kamilatu Rusyda
Code-Switching in the Daily Conversations of Female Students at Pondok Pesantren Nuruttauhid Bulukumba, South Sulawesi: A Sociolinguistic Study
This study aims to analyze the types of code-switching and the factors that cause code-switching in the daily conversations of female students at Pondok Pesantren Nuruttauhid Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. Data were collected from the conversations of 20 female students during the 2021/2022 academic year using observation, interviews, and documentation methods. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results show the use of elements of Arabic, Indonesian, Bugis, and Konjo languages in the students' conversations. The forms of code-switching found include words, word repetition, phrases, and clauses. The factors causing code-switching include the use of Indonesian and regional languages in conversations, changes in situations from formal to informal, limitations in Arabic vocabulary mastery, and the tendency to communicate more quickly and practically. These findings contribute to sociolinguistic studies, particularly in the context of multilingual pesantren-based education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Wahyuni, M Husni Thamrin
The Psychodynamics of Manar in the Novel Shurfat al-‘Aar by Ibrahim Nasrallah
Shurfat al-‘Ār by Ibrahim Nasrallah delves into the psychological dynamics of the character Manar. In the novel, the main character, Manar, becomes a victim of rape committed by Yunus, the antagonist. This event leads to serious psychological consequences for Manar. This study explores the psychodynamics of Manar, including the dynamics of her id, ego, and superego, as well as her anxiety and defense mechanisms. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method, which includes describing the facts followed by an analysis of the text using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The results show that the dynamics of the id, ego, and superego play a significant role in how Manar copes with her traumatic experience. The character of Manar also experiences the three types of anxiety conceptualized by Freud: objective anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. The form of fear from a real threat is a result of objective anxiety, the inner pressure she feels represents neurotic anxiety, and the fear of committing wrongdoing related to morals, customs, and norms is a form of moral anxiety. The defense mechanisms that develop within Manar are her efforts to cope with the pressure and anxiety, including repression, regression, denial, sublimation, isolation, rationalization, and dissocia
The Portrayal of Marginalized Masculinity and Patriarchy in Laila Lalami’s Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits
This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of gender discourse depicted through the stories of Moroccan immigrants in Laila Lalami's Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005). In detail, this paper will discuss the subordinate of masculinity and the patriarchal system's oppression of Muslim women with Walby’s theory of patriarchy (1990). Walby defined patriarchy as a system of male-dominated societal structures and behaviors that subjugate women. This researcher uses the qualitative descriptive method to conduct scientific data analysis in order to interpret surrounding phenomena. It also focuses on challenging gender bias by utilizing the concepts of feminism through the lives of imprisoned female characters and the subordinate of masculinity in male characters. From this research, the researchers draw the result that patriarchal culture creates tension between the roles of men and women, where men's masculinity becomes marginalized due to their inability to meet society's demands and standards. On the other hand, women also become victims of the way men gain recognition from the standards imposed on them.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sayyidati Azzahra, Adek Suryani Lubis, Fatimah Az Zahra
The Portrayal of Megan’s Movement from Female Masculinity to Feminine in the Barely Lethal
This research describes how female masculinity portrayed Megan as the main character in the Barely Lethal movie, and then shows how Megan can change her personality from female masculine to feminine. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach by applying Judith Halberstam's theory of female masculinity as the main topic of this research. The research found that the appearance, gestures, dialogue, and culture in the data analyzed related to the concept of female masculinity. The results show that Megan is revealed to follow the concept of female masculinity, which consists of butch realness, femme pretender, male mimicry, fag drag, and naturalized masculinity. Megan is not only the protagonist, the character that dominates masculinity, but she is also the strong female, the fighter, the offensive, and also has strength that shows Megan's masculinity. Interestingly, the research also found that, as time goes by, Megan tries to change her traits from masculine to feminine, which can be seen when she likes the opposite sex, makes friends with the same sex and age friends in school, and reads mean girl book, which is typical reading for teenage girls in her environment. These portrayals conclude that someone's trait can be gradually interchangeable when triggered by outside or within themselves.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alfan Amin, Tuty Handayani
Tennis as Social Mobilization to Achieve the American Dream in the Film King Richard (2021)
This study investigates the influence of tennis on the social mobility of an African-American family and how it shapes their pursuit of the American Dream. Employing qualitative research methods, this study utilizes elements of mise-en-scène in film analysis and social mobility theory to comprehensively explore how an African-American family uses tennis as a means to achieve their American Dream. The research reveals that Richard Williams' journey as a Black man determined to guide his daughters, Venus and Serena, to become world tennis champions, challenged deep-rooted racial barriers within American society. Furthermore, motivation, education, and achievement were significant factors influencing the upward social mobility of the Williams family. Despite not coming from a high social status background, the Williams family used tennis as a pathway to achieve their American Dream. This research argues that tennis broke societal boundaries and cemented the Williams family's legacy as a living embodiment of the American Dream. Their story stands as a testament to the boundless possibilities that determination and resilience through sports can offer, even when confronted with significant racial challenges and social disparities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Haekal Ramadhan, Akhmad Zakky
Redefining Arabic Poetry: Descriptive Historical Perspective
Poetry has captivated people from ancient times to the modern era, sparking numerous debates, conflicts, and rivalries. This phenomenon has led to the creation of many books, anthologies, newspapers, and magazines. Countless debates have ensued, news and stories have proliferated, and numerous studies have been conducted on this subject from various perspectives and with different objectives. This research examines poetry from the standpoint of its intrinsic values. The article investigates and analyzes the wisdom of studying poetry, its virtues, and its diverse benefits. The aim of this study is to explore the implications of studying and reading poetry, as well as its merits and advantages. The method used is descriptive-historical, based on the selection of relevant events and facts, and the collection of data pertinent to the research objectives. This article begins with an introduction followed by three main sections: first, the virtues of poetry and the wisdom of studying it; second, the benefits of poetry; and third, the appreciation and rewards for poets and their work. The research findings lead to several significant conclusions: high-quality poetry possesses many virtues and benefits, both in terms of human relationships with the divine and with fellow human beings. These include the promise of paradise and receiving prayers and praise from Allah's beloved, Prophet Muhammad SAW. Poetry serves as a means of expressing gratitude to Allah, enhancing understanding of the Quran, and appreciating its eloquence. It brings joy and longing to the hearts of Muslims, inspires courage in the brave, elevates the spirit, comforts the soul, and bolsters moral fortitude. Such aspects of poetry contribute to spiritual well-being, foster acceptance and openness in social life, and serve as a source of great reward and appreciation.
Arabization of Sports Terms on the Emarat Al-Yaoum Website
Sports are more than just games; they have become a platform for building bilateral relationships. Many sports have gained international prominence and entered the Arab world, such as the Qatar World Cup and others, leading to the absorption of foreign sports terminology into the Arabic language. This study aims to identify the Arabization (ta'rib) rules used by the news website "Emarat Al-Yaum" in its sports section when adapting foreign words into Arabic. The research data was collected from sports news published in March 2023 on the Emarat Al-Yaum website. The study employs a descriptive qualitative research method, involving the analysis of news articles and the collection of Arabized sports terms. The findings reveal that the "Emarat Al-Yaum" news website extensively covers international sports news, resulting in the adoption of numerous sports-related loanwords. In terms of Arabization, the website largely adheres to the standardization rules set by the Arabic Language Academy (Majma' Lughah Arabiyah) in Cairo for converting Latin letters into Arabic. For example, the letter 'C' is replaced with (ك) in words like "acrobatic," and 'P' is replaced with (ب) in words such as "Polo" and "Protein."However, the study also notes some deviations from the Cairo Arabic Language Academy's guidelines, such as the treatment of the 'Ng' sound and the representation of 'Q' with (ق). The ta'rib rules employed by Emarat Al-Yaum include vowel changes, letter substitutions, additions, and omissions when adapting foreign words.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Jabbar Siddiq Syah
Pattern and Translation of Zakat, Tax, and Customs Terms Arabic-English-Indonesian
Penelitian ini membahas terjemahan dan klasifikasi istilah berbentuk kata dan frasa pada istilah zakat, pajak, dan bea cukai. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari Mu’jam bi Ahamm al-Mustalahât al-Zakawiyyah wa al-Darîbiyyah wa al-Jumrukiyyah Arab-English. Mu’jam yang berisikan kosakata mengenai zakat, pajak, dan bea cukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskripstif untuk mengklasifikasikan dan menerjemahkan istilah zakat, pajak, dan bea cukai. Dalam proses menerjemahkan istilah yang ada pada sumber data diklasifikasikan pada istilah berbentuk kata dan istilah berbentuk frasa. Ditemukan 44 istilah berbentuk kata dan 395 istilah berbentuk frasa. Strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan ialah berorientasi pada teks sumber. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menerjemahkan dan mengklasifikasikan istilah zakat, pajak, dan bea cukai dari bahasa Arab ke Bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia, tetapi juga mempromosikan studi terjemahan pada istilah zakat, pajak, dan bea cukai.
Copyright (c) 2024 Olipiyah Nupus Fatonah
Yemeni Crisis 2021 in Al-Arabiya.Net and Irna Arabic Website: A Critical Discourse Analysis Study
This study aims to uncover the ideological forms, tendencies, and media interests of Al Arabiya.net and the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) Arabic in their coverage of the 2021 Yemen crisis. The research analyzes news text discourse using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model, which comprises three dimensions: text analysis, discourse practice, and social practice. The data for this study comes from three Al Arabiya news articles and three IRNA Arabic news articles published between July and December 2021. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method and literature review. The findings reveal that the news texts from Al Arabiya.net and IRNA Arabic exhibit distinct ideological forms and biases. Regarding the 2021 Yemen crisis, the Al Arabiya.net texts demonstrate a negative bias towards the Houthi group while supporting the Yemeni government led by Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Conversely, the IRNA Arabic texts show a negative bias towards the United States, Israel, and the Saudi-led Arab coalition, which has been militarily involved in the Yemen conflict since 2015. The IRNA Arabic texts display sympathy towards the Houthi group and argue that the Arab coalition's actions in the Yemen conflict have worsened the crisis.
Copyright (c) 2024 Farhan Muzhaffar Rahman
Discourse on Reporting the Palestine-Israel Conflict “Inclusion Strategy in the News of the Shooting of Shireen Abu Akleh (Al Jazeera Journalist) on BBC Arabic Newspaper”
This study aims to analyze the inclusion strategy in constructing the news about the shooting of Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh. The method used is descriptive analysis with the object of research, namely news texts "شيرين أبو عاقلة: إدانات واسعة ودعوات لإجراء تحقيق في مقتل مراسلة الجزيرة أثناء تغطيتها لغارة إسرائيلية regarding the shooting of Shireen Abu Akleh (Palestinian-American Journalist) on BBC Arabic on May 11, 2022. The data was collected through document review method using the close reading techniques. In analyzing the data, this research applies the theory of inclusion in critical discourse analysis developed by Theo van Leeuwen. The results of the analysis show that BBC Arabic attempted to provide comprehensive and balanced coverage of Shireen Abu Akleh by focusing on the victim. However, this study also highlights the possible interests in the presentation of the news presented in the construction of the news. By identifying such patterns through inclusion strategies, this research provides a reminder to readers of the importance of critically observing news, considering context, and understanding potential biases that may be included in the presentation of news by international media such as BBC Arabic.
الدلالة الاجتماعية في كلمات "فرقة وطائفة وقوم" في كتاب إشارات الإعجاز في مظان الإيجاز لبديع الزمان سعيد النورسي
Bediuzzaman Said Nursi is a scholar and Sufi thinker who has compiled many books collected in Rasāil al-Nūr. One of the books in the diwan is Isyārāt al-I'jāz fī Maẓān al-Ījāz which focuses on the interpretation of the Qur'an. This study aims to determine the contextual meaning of the words firqah, ṭaifah, and qaum in the book Isyārāt al-I'jāz fī Maẓān al-Ījāz, as well as the semantic and social relationships between the three words in terms of meaning fields and meaning components. To achieve this goal the research used a qualitative method using semantic theory to analyze it. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that: 1) The contextual meaning of the word firqah is (a'ṭinā), ṭaifah is (waffiqnā) both of which are included in the context of asking for guidance, and qaum is anna khāṣiyat al hayāt kamā marra tuṣayyiru al-juz'a kullan wa al- munfarida jama'atan wa al-muqayyad muṭlaqan wa al-farda 'ālaman, or with another meaning ja'l al-mustawā al-aṣgar ila al-juz al-akbar wa al-syay al-juz'iy yuṣbih syāmilan and all of these contextual meanings include siyāq al-mawqif. 3) The meaning fields of the three words are incorporated into the type of social group, and the components of the same meaning are al-ism, al-rijāl, al,nisā,al-nās, and al-jamā'ah. The components of different meanings are al-ṣaf, al-'adad, al-qiṭ'ah, al-jays, al-juz, al-wahdah al-taṣnifiyah, arba'ah anfus, and al-'ibād. The equivalent of the term firqah is communal, ṭaifah is community, and qaum is society.
The Influence of Hybridity on Salwa's Marriage in the novel Once in a Promised Land
Hybridity, or the practice of blending cultures as diasporic individuals engage with locals in the country they moved to, can have a significant impact on an individual's life, such as on their relationship with their partner. This paper discusses the ways in which hybridity shapes the marriage life of the protagonist in the 2008 novel Once in a Promised Land by Laila Halaby. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach and Homi Bhabha's hybridity theories to analyze the novel's portrayal of the Jordanian married couples' conflicting pursuit of the American Dream, which gets complicated as more people get involved. The protagonist, Salwa, who has a hybrid identity that combines elements of their ancestral culture with the culture of the country in which they live, faces challenges with the hybridity of both her and her partner, Jassim, that affect their marriage. These challenges stem from the clash between Salwa's hybrid belief—the traditional Jordanian value of believing that someone can not be a complete woman until she bears a child that gets assimilated into her vision of a free-willed American woman—and Jassim's own vision of the American Dream as the traditional leading figure who gets control over their family, which does not believe that having a child is a form of freedom. During this conflict, a man named Jake comes into Salwa's life and gives her a false hope of a "free and welcoming home" in him, making her cheat on Jassim despite her own Eastern values echoing inside her mind. The novel highlights how hybridity can create tension and complexity within a marriage as Salwa and Jassim navigate their cultural differences while striving to live peacefully in their "home." The research deduced that Salwa and Jassim's clash, along with the involvement of Jake in their marriage, is due to their inability to adjust to the hybridity of their identities and also their lack of communication as a result of doing so.
The Role of Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi in Arabic Lexicography (Mu'jam Al-'Ain)
The first dictionary in the world was a dictionary compiled by al-Khalil. Al-Khalil's thoughts as an Arabic linguist are outlined in the Book of al-'Ain as a manifestation of his intelligence and analytical sharpness, so that he is able to explain and innovate. The contents of the opening of the dictionary of al-'Ain explain the function of letters in word formation. Al-Khalil groups words based on their volume, from smallest to largest. The vocabulary of the Al-'Ain dictionary is also sorted based on its phonetic aspects (makharij al-huruf). Apart from that, there were also differences of opinion regarding the first compiler of this book, resulting in various contradictions. The reason this research was conducted was to find out and uncover the ins and outs of the composition of mu'jam al-'Ain. The method used in this research is qualitative which is carried out by reducing and simplifying the data and then presenting and narrating the conclusions to provide an explanation of the core of the research carried out by the researcher. The results of this analysis show that mu'jam al-'Ain written by the pioneer of mu'jam, namely al-Khalil al-Farahidi, groups words based on the number of letters, namely from tsuna'i, tsulatsi, ruba'i, and khumasi. Al-Khalil compiled the vocabulary by ordering it according to the makharij al-huruf that he explained in his opinion, then turning the entries upside down, because the hamzah letters are letters that come out of the larynx. Apart from that, in each vocabulary there are several explanations related to sharfiyah and nahwiyah.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Ardiyanto Wijaya
Men's Objectification of Women in the Novel "Naqah Shalihah" by Saud Al Sanousi
Since the 20th century up to the present day, the objectification of women is still a central phenomenon in feminist discourse, particularly in the Arab cultural context such as in Kuwait. One tradition that serves as a fertile ground for this issue is the practice of forced arranged marriages, as discussed in the novel "Naqah Shalihah" by Saud al-Sanousi. This novel presents issues related to the culture of forced marriages towards women in the Badui tribe, which gives rise to men's objectification of women. This research aims to analyze the various forms of male objectification of women present in the novel "Naqah Shalihah" by Saud al-Sanousi. The research method used is descriptive analytics with a feminist literary criticism approach and the theories of objectification by Martha Nussbaum and Rae Langton. In the process, data is collected and then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results of the data analysis indicate nine forms of male objectification of women, namely instrumentality, denial of autonomy, ownership, denial of subjectivity, inertness, violability, fungibility, reduction to body, and reduction to appearance.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indah Lutfiyati, Rizqi Handayani, Rizqi Handayani
Changes in The Sound and Exploration of The Depth of Its Meaning in Surah Al-Fath (Analysis of I'jaz Al-Qur'an)
This study aims to identify the forms of sound changes contained in Surat Al-Fath and their relevance to the context of the meaning contained therein. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research. The two sources used as references are the Qur'an Surah Al-Fath as the primary source and books related to the research topic as secondary sources. The data collection technique is done by using Imam 'Ashim's qira'at history of Hafs as the main foundation, then looking for differences in readings in ten qira'ats related to sound changes through idgham and ibdal. The analysis was conducted to find the relationship between the sound changes and the meaning in accordance with the context in Surah al-Fath. The results show that there are sound variations based on the readings of the ten qira'at imams, such as the fusion of two letters that meet or the replacement of harakat and letters in a reading. In addition to being intended to facilitate pronunciation, these sound changes contain explicit meanings that can be explored by looking at the context of the verse that includes them, although the original meaning of a word does not change. The depth of meaning indicated by these sound changes does not indicate a contradiction between one meaning and another, thus emphasizing the miracle of the Qur'an that every smallest sound arrangement is very relevant to the context of the meaning and intention to be conveyed.
Women’s Objectification in Ighāshat Mīlā by Fatimah Sharafeddine: A Feminist Analytical Study
This study aims to reveal the forms of objectification experienced by the character Mila in the novel Ighāshat Mīlā by Fatimah Sharafeddine. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with close-reading techniques, examining events, dialogues, and character actions. This study is grounded in a feminist literary approach and applies Martha Craven Nussbaum’s theory of objectification. The findings indicate that Mila experiences four forms of objectification: the denial of women’s autonomy (denial of autonomy), treating women as objects that can be harmed without regard to their feelings (violability), the negation of women’s subjectivity (denial of subjectivity), and the perception that women lack the capacity to act or move independently, akin to inanimate objects (inertness). From this analysis, it can be concluded that women in Lebanon continue to strive for equal access and rights with men, as well as for liberation from male dominance and oppression across various spheres of life.
Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Everyday Interaction among Students of Daarul Rahman III Islamic Boarding School
This study aims to identify the forms and types of code-switching and code-mixing used by ninth-grade female students at Darul Rahman 3 Islamic boarding school in Bojongsari. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with three data collection techniques: observation, interviews, and documentation. The theoretical framework applied in this study is Dell Hymes’ theory of code-switching and Kridalaksana’s theory of code-mixing, which encompass external and internal code-switching, as well as code-mixing at the levels of words, phrases, and clauses. The findings indicate that there are six forms of code-switching and fifteen forms of code-mixing. Of the six identified instances of code-switching, five are external and one is internal. Meanwhile, of the fifteen instances of code-mixing, eleven occur at the word level, three at the phrase level, and one at the clause level. Code-switching in this study involves Indonesian, Arabic, and English, whereas code-mixing involves Indonesian and English.
صلاة الجمعة والسيد عثمان بن عبد الله العلوي في مخطوطة كتابه "الأجوبة على مسائل الجمعة"
This study discusses the manuscript "al-Ajwibah 'alá Masā'il al-Jum'ah" by Sayyid Usman bin Abdullah al-Alawi, known as Mufti Betawi, which is kept at Leiden University in the Netherlands. This study aims to reveal the opinion of the playwright and his views on the issue of the Friday prayers in Pekojan, which occurred in 1896 AD, by using historical methods to uncover the causes of this event. The results of the study show the answers of Sayyid Othman and his fatwa to questions raised by the Betawi people regarding Friday prayers and provisions related to them, including whether Friday prayers are allowed in one area, the law of repeating midday prayers, the validity requirements related to the place where prayers are held, the law on prayers being led by someone other than a preacher, and the law on appointing a prayer priest. This manuscript ends with hadiths relating to the primacy of worship on Friday and reminders taken from the book "Ihya Ulumuddin" by Imam Al-Ghazali. This study contributes to the author's statement regarding the issue of Friday prayers in the past, which is associated with the context of the Betawi community in Pekojan. The research results are expected to provide insight into this region's history and religious traditions.
Opinion of Syekh Usman bin Abdullah Al-Alawi
Text "al-Ajwibah ‘alá Masā’il al-Jum’ah"
Harf Ma'ani's Distinction and Its Application in Arabic-Indonesian Translation
This article explain the influence of "harf ma'āni" in producing meaning in Arabic. Through the study of nahwiyah dilaliyah, researchers will examine various forms of sentences in Arabic such as fi'il madzi, fi'il mudhāri’, masdar, isim fā’il and so on whose meaning can change from the lexical meaning (dictionary) due to the inclusion of the harf al-ma 'ani. This study is important to see the various meanings of Arabic sentences that are juxtaposed with harf al-ma'ani. The method used in this research is a qualitative method (qualitative research) with library research (library research). The primary data source for this research is a number of Arabic texts taken from a book entitled Dalīl fī al-Tarjamah by Dr. Rofi'i. While secondary sources for this research were taken from various scientific literature such as books, journal articles, dictionaries, and various other literature related to this research topic. This study concludes that the lexical meanings of the forms fi'il mādhi, fi'il mudhāri’, masdar, and isim fā’il can change and even contradict each other due to the inclusion of the harf ma’āni that follows them. Arabic language reviewers, especially Arabic-Indonesian translators, must be able and thorough in observing changes in the meaning of a sentence due to the inclusion of harf ma’āni which form new meanings and even contradict each other with their lexical meanings.