Harmonizing Fiduciary Enforcement after Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/2019 and DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 68/2008: A Doctrinal and Ethical Convergence of Positive Law and Rahn Tasjīlī

Abstract

This article examines the harmonization of fiduciary enforcement in Indonesia following Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/2019 and DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 68/2008 on Rahn Tasjīlī. The Constitutional Court restricted unilateral repossession through fiduciary certificates, mandating either debtor consent or judicial oversight, while the fatwa embeds ethical safeguards of fairness (ʿadl) and harm prevention (ḍarar). Employing a normative-juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory law, jurisprudence, and fatwa-based norms to identify points of convergence. The findings reveal that both frameworks limit creditor dominance, strengthen debtor protection, and preserve creditor certainty through documentation and due process. Divergences remain in their normative origins, yet outcomes converge toward proportionality and justice.

Keywords: fiduciary security; rahn tasjīlī; constitutional court decision; DSN-MUI fatwa; maqāṣid al-sharīʿah

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji harmonisasi pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia di Indonesia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 18/2019 dan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 68/2008 tentang Rahn Tasjīlī. Mahkamah Konstitusi membatasi penarikan sepihak objek fidusia melalui sertifikat fidusia dengan mensyaratkan adanya persetujuan debitur atau pengawasan yudisial, sementara fatwa tersebut menanamkan perlindungan etis berupa keadilan (ʿadl) dan pencegahan kemudaratan (ḍarar). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif-yuridis, penelitian ini menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan, yurisprudensi, dan norma berbasis fatwa untuk mengidentifikasi titik-titik konvergensi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kerangka tersebut sama-sama membatasi dominasi kreditur, memperkuat perlindungan debitur, serta menjaga kepastian hukum bagi kreditur. Perbedaan tetap terdapat pada asal-usul normatifnya, namun hasil akhirnya bertemu pada prinsip proporsionalitas dan keadilan.

Kata Kunci: jaminan fidusia; rahn tasjīlī; putusan mahkamah konstitusi; fatwa DSN-MUI; maqāṣid al-sharīʿah.