Utilizing Zakat Funds through Qarḍ Ḥasan between Tamlīk and Maṣlaḥah in Contemporary Fatwas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/zr.v23i1.53629Keywords:
Zakat, Qarḍ Ḥasan, Tamlīk, Maṣlaḥah, Contemporary Fatwa InstitutionsAbstract
This study aims to examine the contemporary juristic debate on zakat distribution through qarḍ ḥasan from a maqāṣidī ijtihād perspective, based on a comparative analysis of fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council, Kuwait’s Fatwa Committee, Jordan’s General Iftaa’ Department, and the International Islamic Fiqh Academy. The significance of this study stems from the growing utilization of zakat funds in economic empowerment programs and the jurisprudential issue concerning the extent to which the requirement of tamlīk can be reconciled with maṣlaḥah amid contemporary social and economic transformations. This study employs a qualitative approach through an analytical-comparative literature review, drawing on uṣūl al-fiqh, maqāṣid, and sociological approaches to analyze primary sources, including fatwa documents, fiqh resolutions, and official institutional documents, to identify their Sharīʿah- and maqāṣid-based foundations and relevance to beneficiaries’ social and economic needs. The findings show that Kuwaiti and Jordanian fatwa bodies and the International Islamic Fiqh Academy tend to prohibit utilizing zakat funds through qarḍ ḥasan, based on tamlīk and immediacy in zakat payment. The scientific contribution of this study lies in revealing two models of maqāṣid-based ijtihad in constructing the relationship between ownership transfer (tamlik) and public interest (maṣlaḥa) in the distribution of zakat funds.
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