The Concept of Patah Titi: The Problem of Inheritance and Its Solution in Aceh Tengah

Fauzi Fauzi

Abstract


This article examines the inheritance issue of patah titi practiced by the people of Aceh Tengah. Patah titi is a state in which one of the aṣḥāb al-furūḍ (obligatory sharers or primary heirs) loses linkage (due to death) to muwārith (the deceased). This study used descriptive analysis and drew upon legal pluralism, which considers the interaction between state laws, customary laws, and religious laws in resolving a case. The findings show that inheritance distribution is implemented in three steps: first, the heir inherits nothing due to the legal consequences of patah titi; second, the heir receives inheritance because they are considered a badl (substitution) of the predeceased heir; third, the heir receives hibah (gift). The last two steps in the settlement of patah titi are derived from various sources, including the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), customary law, and the universal values of Islamic law, which consider principles of equity, humanity and child protection.

Keywords


Concept; Patah Titi; Inheritance; Application; Aceh Tengah

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, Raihanah, Patricia Martinez, and Wirdati Mohd Radzi. 2010. “Islam and Adat: Considering the Wife’s Moral Contribution in the Division of Harta Sepencharian in Malaysia.” Indonesia and the Malay World 38(111): 161–80.

Abdurrahman. 1992. Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Akdemia Pressindo.

Abubakar, Al Yasa. 2012. Rekonstruksi Fikih Kewarisan: Reposisi Hak-Hak Perempuan. Banda Aceh: Naskah Aceh.

Abubakar, Muzakkir. 1997. Patah Titi dalam Masyarakat Aceh: Studi tentang Penggantian Ahli Waris dalam Hukum Kewarisan Aceh di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Agama Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh: Universitas Syiah Kuala. Research Report.

Ali, Muhammad Daud. 2002. Hukum Islam di Peradilan Agama. Jakarta: Radja Grafindo Persada.

Awang, Mohd Ridzuan. “The Islamic Inheritance Law (Fara’id): The Manifestation of Comprehensive Inheritance Management in Islam.”

Azra, Azyumardi. 1996. “Contemporary Islamic Renewal in Indonesia.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 59.

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Aceh. 2017. “Profil Kemiksinan dan Tingkat Ketimpangan Pengeluaran Penduduk Provinsi Aceh.” https://aceh.bps.go.id/ (April 23, 2018).

Benda-Beckmann, Franz von. 1986. Anthropology of Law in the Netherlands: Essays on Legal Pluralism. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

———. 1990. “Changing Legal Pluralism in Indonesia.” In Proceedings of the VI Th International Symposium Commission on Folk Law and Legal Pluralism, ed. H. Finkler. Ottawa.

Bowen, John R. 1993. Muslims Through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.

———. 1998. “Quran, Justice, Gender: Internal Debates in Indonesian Islamic Jurisprudence.” History of Religions 38(1): 52–78.

———. 2003. Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cammack, Mark, and Michael Feener. 2012. “The Islamic Legal System in Indonesia.” Pasific Rim Law & Policy Journal 21(1).

Comaroff, John L., and Simon Roberts. 1981. “Introduction in Rules and Processes.” In The Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Coulson, N. J. 1971. Succession in the Muslim Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dazriani, Wa. 2016. “Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Ahli Waris Pengganti Berdasarkan Hukum Kewarisan Islam Dengan Hukum Kewarisan Menurut Perdata.” M.A. Thesis. Universitas Islam Sultan Agung.

Eklöf, Stefan. 2004. Power and Political Culture in Suharto’s Indonesia: The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Decline of the New Order (1986-98). Copenhagen: NIAS.

Fathurahman, Oman. 2003. “Reinforcing Neo-Sufism in the Malay-Indonesian World: Shaṭṭārīyah Order in West Sumatra.” Studia Islamika 10(3). DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.623.

Fathurrahman. 1981. Ilmu Mawaris. Bandung: Al-Ma’arif.

Feener, R. Michael. 2013. Shari’a and Social Engineering: The Implementation of Islamic Law in Contemporary Aceh, Indonesia. First edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Fitra, Adi. “Pengaruh Hukum Warisan Islam terhadap Hukum Waris Adat pada Masyarakat Gayo: Studi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah.”

Hadikusuma, Hilman. 1987. Sejarah Hukum Adat Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.

Hazairin. 1982. Hukum Kewarisan Bilateral Menurut Quran Dan Hadits. Jakarta: Tintamas.

Hooker, M.B, and Tim Lindsey. 2003. “Public Faces of Sharī’ah in Contemporary Indonesia: Towards a National Madhhab.” Studia Islamika 10(1). DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.637.

Ilhami, Haniah. 2016. “Development of the Regulation Related to Obligatory Request (Wasiyyah Wajibah) in Indonesian Islamic Law Inheritance Law System.” Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 27(3): 553–65.

Intajalle, Feirul Maliq, Luqman Haji Abdullah, Abdul Karim Ali, and Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor. 2012. “Islamic Inheritance Law among Muslim Minority Countries in Southeast Asia.” Middle-East Journal Of Scientific Research 12(1).

International Development Law Organization. 2015a. “How To Ensure Just and Fair Distribution of Inheritance to Children.” Harian Serambi Indonesia. www.idlo.int (December 20, 2017).

———. 2015b. “Pergantian Kedudukan Ahli Waris Menurut Hukum Islam.” Harian Serambi Indonesia.

Jabali, Fuad, and Jamhari, eds. 2003. “Introduction.” In The Modernization of Islam in Indonesia An Impact Study on the Cooperation between the IAIN and McGill University, Montreal: Indonesia-Canada Islamic Higher Education Project Montreal and Jakarta.

Juwana, Hikmahanto, Yani Salma Barlinti, and Yetti Komalasari Dewi. 2008. “Sharia Law as a System Of Governance In Indonesia: The Development Of Islamic Financial Law.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 25(4).

Komari. 2016. “Eksistensi Waris di Indonesia: antara Adat dan Syariat.” Asy-Syari’ah 18(1).

Lukito, Ratno. 1997. “Islamic Law and Adat Encounter: The Experience of Indonesia.” M.A. Thesis. McGill University.

———. 2003. Pergumulan Hukum Islam dan Adat di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Manyar Media.

Manan, Abdul. 2013. Aspek-Aspek Pengubah Hukum. Jakarta: Putra Grafika.

Masud, Muhammad Khalid. 2000. Shāṭibī’s Philosophy of Islamic Law. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust.

Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Armando Salvatore, and Martin van Bruinessen. 2009. Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. http://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?TCR2;3156904 (November 2, 2016).

Merry, Sally Engle. 1988. “Legal Pluralism.” Law and Society Review 22.

Muzainah, Gusti. 2012. “Prinsip-Prinsip Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Masyarakat Banjar.” DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8(15).

Nurlaelawati, Euis. 2012. “Menuju Kesetaraan Dalam Aturan Kewarisan Islam Indonesia: Kedudukan Anak Perempuan versus Saudara Kandung.” Jurnal Indo-Islamika 2(1): 75–90.

———. 2016. “Hukum Keluarga Islam ala Negara: Penafsiran dan Debat atas Dasar Hukum Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Kalangan Otoritas Agama dan Ahli Hukum.” Asy-Syir’ah Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 50(1): 1–24.

Pakeeza, Shahzadi, and Fariha Fatima. 2016. “Ijtihad as a Legislative Function: Role of Ijtihad, Ifta and Taqleed in Legislative Process.” Journal of Islamic Law & Religious Studies 1(1): 33.

Perwitasari, Dita. 2013. “Kedudukan Ahli Waris Pengganti Menurut Hukum Kewarisan Islam (Studi Kasus : Salinan Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Depok Tentang Ahli Waris Alm. Soejitno Tardjo No.0171/Pdt.P/Pengadilan Agama Depok).” Notarius 4(1): 44.

Powers, David Stephan. 1986. Studies in Quran and Ḥadīth: The Formation of the Islamic Law of Inheritance. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Priambodo, Bono Budi. 2018. “Positioning Adat Law in the Indonesia’s Legal System: Historical Discourse and Current Development on Customary Law.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 2(2): 140.

Rasyid, A. Raihan. 1995. “Pengganti Ahli Waris Dan Wasiat Wajibah.” Mimbar Hukum 23(6).

———. 1999. “Pengganti Ahli Waris Dan Wasiat Wajibah.” In Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional, Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu.

Rosyadi, A. Rahmad, and M. Rais Ahmad. 2006. Formulasi Syari’at Islam dalam Perspektif Tata Hukum Indonesia. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.

Saleh, Fauzi. 2011. “Problematika Talfîq Mazhab Dalam Penemuan Hukum Islam.” Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 6(1): 66.

Salim, Arskal. 2006. Praktek Penyelesaian Formal Dan Informal Masalah Pertanahan, Kewarisan, Dan Perwalian Pasca Tsunami Di Banda Aceh Dan Aceh Besar. Banda Aceh: International Development Law Organizaton. Research Report.

Soekanto, Soerjono. 1978. Kedudukan Dan Peranan Hukum Adat Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kurnia Esa.

Srimulyani, Eka. 2010. “Islam, Adat, and the State: Matrifocality in Aceh Revisited.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 48(2): 321.

Strauss, Anselm, and Juliet Corbin. 1990. Basic of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. London: SAGE.

Supomo. 1989. Bab-Bab tentang Hukum Adat. Jakarta: Perdaya Pramitha.

Surojo Wingjodipuro. 1984. Pengantar dan Asas-Asas Hukum Adat. Jakarta: Gunung Agung.

Syahnan, Mohd. 2010. Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse. Medan: IAIN Press.

Walker, Faye. 2009. “How Gender Biased Is Islamic Law.” The Student Law Journal 8: 14.

Wallace, Ruth, and Alison Wolf. 1980. Contemporary Sociological Theory. USA: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Wati, Rina. 2017. “Pembagian Harta Warisan Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Gayo.” M.A. Thesis. Program Pasca Sarjana UIN Ar-Raniry.

Yose, Ade Azwar. 2016. “Penentuan Hak Waris Bagi Ahli Waris Pengganti dalam Putusan Pengadilan: Suatu Penelitian di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kota Banda Aceh.” B.A. Thesis. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala.

Yusof, Yusnita Bt Mohd., and Asmida Bt. Ahmad. 2013. “Hibah As An Alternative Mechanism In Muslims Assests Management: A Study In Melaka Tengah.” South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law 3(3).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v26i1.6529 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
All publication by Studia Islamika are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Studia Islamika, ISSN: 0215-0492, e-ISSN: 2355-6145

View My Stats