Following the Global Rejection: The Motives of Majelis Ulama Indonesia's Fatwas on Ahmadiyah

Fariz Alnizar; Fadlil Munawwar Manshur; Amir Ma'ruf

doi:10.36712/sdi.v29i3.15349

Following the Global Rejection: The Motives of Majelis Ulama Indonesia's Fatwas on Ahmadiyah

Fariz Alnizar, Fadlil Munawwar Manshur, Amir Ma'ruf

Abstract

This article examines the motives behind the decisions of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), in 1980 and 2005, to issue fatwas condemning the Ahmadiyah. Using critical discourse analysis, this study reveals MUI’s motives behind its fatwas on the Ahmadiyah by drawing on the text and the context of the issuance of the fatwas. Underpinning MUI’s issuance of its fatwa on the Ahmadiyah Qadiyan in 1980 was the global rejection of the Ahmadiyah, particularly in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, MUI’s fatwa on the Ahmadiyah in 2005 was informed by an increased rejection of the Ahmadiyah in Indonesia, which was based on the Jalsa Salana Ahmadiyah meeting in 2005, in Parung, Bogor. In the fatwa’s dictum, MUI positions itself as the guardian of the Islamic creed. MUI’s choice of wording and language style in its fatwas demonstrates its desire to display its authority as a quasi-non-governmental organization.

Keywords

Fatwa; Ahmadiyah; Majelis Ulama Indonesia; Language; Critical Discourse Analysis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alnizar. Fariz, 2019 Pretext for Religious Violence Pretext for Religious Violence in Indonesia: An Anthropolinguistic Analysis of Fatwas on Ahmadiyya. Studia Islamika, 26 (3).

Alnizar, Fariz, Amir Ma’ruf, and Fadlil Munawwar Manshur. 2021. “The Language of Fatwa: Understanding Linguistic Violence in The Indonesian Ulama Council’s Fatwa on Ahmadiyah.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21(1):1–24. doi: 10.15408/ajis.v21i1.20218.

Anwar, R. A. 2003. Di Mana Letak Kesesatan Dan Bahaya Ahmadiyah (III). Bandung: Yayasan Al-Abror.

Beck, Herman. L. 2005. The Rupture between the Muhammadiyah and the Ahmadiyya. Bijrdragen Tot de Taal, 161(2/3), 210–246.

Blood, Margaret. 1974. The Ahmadiyah in Indonesia; Its early history and contribution to Islam in the archipelago’ (p. 1974).

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2016. Fundamentalism and religious dissent: the LPPI’s mission to eradicate the Ahmadiyya in Indonesia. Indonesia and Malay World, 129 (44).

Burke, Kenneth. 1966. Language as Symbolic Action. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Connley, Aleah. 2016. Understanding the Oppressed: A Study of the Ahmadiyah and Their Strategies for Overcoming Adversity in Contemporary Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35(1), 29–58.

Coulmas, Florian. 1998. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publishing.

Darmadi, Dadi. 2013. The Meccan Fatwas and The Globalized Discourse of Exclusion: The Case of Anti-Ahmadiyah Movements in Indonesia. Heritage of Nusantara, 2(1), 22–50.

Edwards, John, 2009. Language and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fairclough, Norman. 1989. Language and Power. Longman.

———. 1992. Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.

Fasold, Ralph, 1984. Introduction to Sociolinguistics : The Sociolinguistics of Society. England: Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd.

Ferguson, Charles A. 1996. Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift. Great Britain: Longdum Press Ltd.

———. 2000. Who Speaks What Language to Whom and When? in L. Wei (Ed.), The Bilingualism Reader. Routledge: Taylor & Francis.

Grosjean, Francois. 1982. Life with two Languages. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Hamdi, Mujtaba. 2007. Sang Liyan dan Kekerasan: Kasus Penyerangan kampus Mubarak Jemaah Ahmadiyah Kemang, Parung, Bogor. In Ahmad Suaedy (Ed.), Politisasi Agama dan Konflik Komunal: Beberapa Isu Penting di Indonesia. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute.

Hooker, M. B. 2003. Indonesian Islam: Social Change Through Contemporary Fatawa. Honolulu: University of Hawai Press.

Ichwan, Moch. Nur. 2001. Differing Responses to an Ahmadi Translation and Exegesis: The Holy Qur’ân in Egypt and Indonesia. Archipel, 62, 143–161.

Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia. 2000. The Minutes of Huzur’s Historic Visit to Indonesia. Special Volume.

Jonker, Gardien. 2016. The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900-1965. Leiden: Brill.

Kaptein, Niko J. 1995. Meccan Fatwas from the End of Nineteenth-Century on Indonesian Affairs. Studia Islamika, 2(4).

Khan, Addil Hussain. 2015. From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

———. 2017. Mirza Ghulam Ahamad and The Construction of The Ahmadiyya Identity. School of Oriental and Africa Studies University of London.

Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. 2017. Pedoman Penetapan Fatwa Komisi Fatwa Mejelis Ulama Indonesia (6th ed.). Jakarta: Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Labov, William. 2006. The Social Stratification of English in New York City One (Second Edi). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. 2011. Fatwa Aliran Ahmadiyah. In Himpunan Fatwa MUI Sejak 1975 (pp. 101–105). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Masnun. 2017. Blasphemy, the Fate of Ahmadiyya in Lombok and a Critique of Religious Discourse. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 8(4), 89–98.

Olle, John. 2009. The Majelis Ulama Indonesia versus Heresy : The Resurgence of Authoritarian Islam. In G. van Kliken & J. Barker (Eds.), State of Authority : State in Society in Indonesia. New York: South East Asia Program Publication Cornel University.

Platzdasch, Bernhard. 2013. Religious Freedom in Contemporary Indonesia: The Case of Ahmadiyah. In H. Yei-Fong (Ed.), Encountering Islam : The Politics of Religious Identities in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS).

Riley, Philip. 2007. Language, Culture, and Identity: An Ethnolinguistics Perspective. New York: Continuum.

Rofiqoh, Lilik. 2010. The MUI’s View on Ahmadiyah and The Dispute Surrounding it. De Jure, 2(1), 55–70.

———. 2015. The Fatwas of Majelis Ulama Indonesia on the Ahmadiyah Doctrines. Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society, 1(1), 49–66.

Ropi, Ismatu. 2015. Islamism, Government Regulation, and the Ahmadiyah Controversies in Indonesia. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 48(2), 227–320.

Rydenvald, Marie. 2019. Who Speaks What Language to Whom and When: Rethinking Language Use in the Context of European Schools. De Gruyter Mouton, 254, 71–101.

Smith, W. C, 1979. Modern Islam in India: a Social Analysis. New Delhi: Usaha Publication.

Soedewo. 1937. Asas-asas dan pekerdjaan Gerakan Ahmadijah Indonesia (Centrum Lahore). Lahore: Gerakan Ahmadijah Indonesia.

Suaedy, Ahmad. 2018. Islam, Minorities, and Identity in Southeast Asia. Depok: ISAIs bekerjasama dengan Inklusif Publisher.

Tim Puslitbang Kehidupan Beragama. 2009. Kompilasi Kebijakan dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan Kerukunan Umat Beragama (2009th ed.). Jakarta: Puslitbang Kehidupan Keagamaan.

Wilar, Abraham Silo. 2015. Khatamul Anbiya According to Ahmadiyya In Indonesia: A History of Interpretation. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Wolf, Siegfried O. 2019. Persecution Against the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Pakistan : A Multi-dimensional Perspective. SADF Research Report. Brussels.

World Muslim League. 1974. Declaration by World Muslim League.

Zulkarnaen, Iskandar. 2005. Gerakan Ahmadiyah di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Interviews and Video

Interview with Huzaemah Tahido Yanggo, South Tangerang, July 12th 2019.

Interview with Murtiyono Yusuf Ismail, Bogor, July 28th 2018.

Interview with Ali Yafie, South Tangerang, August 1st 2019.

Interview with Asrorun Ni’am Sholeh, Jakarta, September 11th 2019.

Video Recording of the attack on the Al-Mubarak campus, Parung.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v29i3.15349 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0