Legislation Fatwa on Guarantee Services and It’s Impact on Sharia Guarantee Business
Abstract
Produksi terdiri dari barang dan jasa, kegiatan tersebut meniscayakan pertukaran barang dan/ jasa dengan uang. Dalam syariah jasa dikenal dengan kafalah, ia termasuk pada rumpun akad tabarru’ (tolong-menolong) dan ulama klasik bersepakat bahwa tidak dibolehkan berlaku komersil pada akad jenis ini. Namun seiring berkembangnya kegiatan ekonomi syariah, praktik kafalah bukanlah hal yang dapat terelakkan. Ia menjelma menjadi lembaga keuangan syariah yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan ekonomi syariah. Untuk itu, pada fatwa DSN-MUI nomor 11/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Kafalah dikatakan bahwa penjamin dapat menerima imbalan (ujrah) sepanjang tidak memberatkan para pihak. Penelitian menggunakan studi litertaur dimana penulis mengumpulkan pendapata para jumhur ulama baik di masa klasik dan masa kontemporer. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan pemberian ujrah pada akad Kafalah oleh DSN-MUI bertumpu pada kemasalahatan yang ditimbulkan jauh lebih besar daripada bertindak sebaliknya. Melalui fatwa ini, pemberian ujrah pada kafalah ikut serta menstabilkan (mencegah dan menangani krisis) sistem keuangan nasional.
Kata Kunci: DSN-MUI; kafalah; tabarru’; ujrah
Abstract:
Production consists of goods and services, these activities necessitate the exchange of goods and/services with money. In sharia services known as kafalah, it belongs to the family of tabarru' (mutual help) contracts and classical scholars agree that it is not permissible to apply commercially to this type of contract. However, along with the development of Islamic economic activities, the practice of kafalah is not inevitable. It was transformed into an Islamic financial institution which played an important role in the development of Islamic economics. For this reason, in the DSN-MUI fatwa number 11/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 concerning Kafalah state that the guarantor can receive compensation (ujrah) as long as it won’t be burdensome to the parties. The research uses a literature study where the author collects the opinions of a large number of scholars in both the classical and contemporary times. The conclusion of this study shows that the consideration of giving ujrah in the Kafalah contract by DSN-MUI relies on the problems that arise far greater than acting otherwise. Through this fatwa, giving ujrah to kafalah participates in stabilizing (preventing and dealing with crises) the national financial system.
Keywords: DSN-MUI; kafalah; tabarru'; ujrah
Full Text:
PDFReferences
‘Abdullah, Al-Syeikh Hasan Mahmud. (2008). Masyakil al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah baina al-Syar‘ wa al-‘Urf. Beirut: Dar al-Hadi.
‘Abdullah, Al-Syeikh Hasan Mahmud. (2008). Masyakil al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah baina al-Syar‘ wa al-‘Urf . Beirut: Dar al-Hadi.
Al-Basam, ‘Abdullah Ibn Ibrahim Ibn ‘Abdullah. (1431 H). al-Dhawabith al-Fiqhiyyah al-Muta‘aliqah bi al-Qardh (KSA: Universitas al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Su‘ud al-Islamiyyah.
Al-Dibyan, ‘Ali Ibn Rasyid”al-Mu‘awadhat. (1429 H). ‘ala al-Kafalah. Majallah al-‘Adl.
Al-Ghuryani, ‘Abd al-Rahman. (2002). Ahkam al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami (Toroblus: al-Jami‘ah al-Maftuhah.
Al-Halil, Shalih Ibn ‘Utsman Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz. (2001) Tautsiq al-Duyun fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. KSA: Universitas al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Su‘ud al-Islamiyyah.
Al-Jundi, Muhammad al-Sahhat. (1996). al-Qardh ka Adah li al-Tamwil fi al-Syari‘ah al-Islamiyyah. Washington: al-Ma‘had al-‘Alami li al-Fikr al-Islami.
Al-Lahim, Usamah Ibn Hamud Ibn Muhammad. (2012). Bai‘ al-Dain wa Tathbiqathuh al-Mu‘ashirah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. Riyadh: Dar al-Maiman.
Al-Mishri, Rafiq Yunus. (2007). Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah. Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam. 2007.
Al-Mushri, Rafiq Yunus al-Mishri. (2007). Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah. Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Syakhanabah, Shuhaib ‘Abdullah Basyir. (2010). al-Dhamanat al-‘Ainiyyah al-Rahn wa mada Masyru‘iyyatih wa Istitsmariha fi al-Masharif al-Islamiyyah. Yordan: Dar al-Nafa’is.
Al-Syawi‘r, ‘Abd al-Salam Ibn Muhammad. (1430H). Bahts Muhkam: ‘Aqd al-Kafalah wa Tathbiqatuh al-Haditsah. Majallah al-‘Adl.
Al-Syeikh. (2000). al-Dhaman fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi
Al-Syinqithi, Muhammad Mushthafa Abuhu. (2001). Dirasah Syar‘iyyah li Ahamm al-‘Uqud al-Maliyyah al-Mustahdatsah (KSA: Maktabah al-‘Ulum wa al-Hikkam.
Al-‘Wawadah, Muhammad Husen. (2008). al-Kafalah fi al-Syari‘ah al-Islamiyyah (Palestina: Universitas al-Khalil.
Al-Za‘tari, Al-Syeikh ‘Ala’ al-Din. (2010). Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah: Shiyaghah Jadidah wa Amtsilah Mu‘ashirah. Damaskus: Dar al-‘Ashma’.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. (2002). al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah al-Mu‘ashirah. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Ayub, Hasan. (2003). Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Salam
Daghi, ‘Ali Muhy al-Din ‘Ali al-Qurah. (2009). Buhuts fi Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah al-Mu‘ashirah. Beirut: Dar al-Basya’ir al-Islamiyyah.
Kuntowijoyo.(1991). Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi untuk Aksi. Bandung: Mizan.
Hammad, Nazih. (2001). Qadhaya Fiqhiyyah Mu‘ashirah fi al-Mal wa al-Iqtishad (Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam.
Hasanain, Fayadh ‘Abd al-Mun‘im. (1996). Bai‘ al-Murabahah fi al-Masharif al-Islamiyyah. Washington: al-Ma‘had al-‘Alami li al-Fikr al-Islami.
Husen al-‘Wawadah, Muhammad.(2008). al-Kafalah fi al-Syari‘ah al-Islamiyyah. Palestina: Universitas al-Khalil.
Jistaniyyah, Hanan Binti Muhammad Husen.(1998). Aqsam al-‘Uqud fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. KSA: Universitas Umm al-Qura.
Musa, Ahmad Hafizh. (2005). al-Dhaman fi ‘Uqud al-Amanat fi al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Tathbiqathuh al-Mu’ashirah. Yordan: Universitas Yordan.
Sidi, Taufiq ‘Umar ‘Ali. (2012). Tautsiq al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah al-Mu‘ashirah min Manzhur al-Iqtishad al-Islami. Yarmouk: Universitas Yarmouk.
Syawisy,Walid Mushthafa. (2014). Bai‘ al-Salam Baina al-Fiqh al-Islami wa al-Fikr al-Iqtishadi al-Wadh‘i. Iskandariyyah: Dar al-Fath.
Syubair, Muhammad Utsman. (2009). al-Madkhal ila Fiqh al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah: al-Mal wa al-Milkiyyah wa al-‘Aqd. Amman: Dar al-Nafa’is.
Syubeir, Muhammad ‘Utsman. (2007). al-Mu‘amalat al-Maliyyah al-Mu‘ashirah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami. Oman: Dar al-Nafa’is.
Thahir, al-Habib Ibn. (2018). al-Murabahah al-Mashrafiyyah al-Ikhlalat al-Syar‘iyyah wa al-Hulul al-Tashhihiyyah. Tunis: al-Mugharabiyyah.
The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). (1989). Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan. Virginia-USA: IIIT.
Washil, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad ‘Ali. (2014). Ahkam al-Muqashah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Tathbiqatuha al-Mu‘ashirah. Riyadh: Madar al-Wathan.
Website Source
Indonesian People's Representative Council of the year. (2015). The academic text of the Draft Law on Guarantees, downloaded from the website https://www.dpr.go.id/dokakd/dokumen/RJ1-20150626-020848-5826.pdf pada 8 September 2022.
July 2022 Sharia IKNB Directory downloaded on September 12, 2022 from the wibsite: https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/iknb/data-dan-statistik/direktori/IKNB-Syariah/Pages/Direktori-IKNB-Syariah---Juli-2022.aspx. Based on data from the DSN-MUI Secretariat, apart from the 9 sharia insurance companies above, there are two more that are still being processed at the OJK, the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) Recommendation Letter for PT Jamkrida Central Java dated 5 February 2020 and the DPS Recommendation Letter for PT Jamkrida NTB Syariah.
Financial Services Authority. (2022) Report on the Development of Islamic Finance in Indonesia in 2021. Source: Laporan Perkembangan Keuangan Syariah Indonesia 2021 (ojk.go.id)
Jamkrindo Syariah Guarantee (abbreviated as Jamsyar) was officially operational on November 7, 2014. "The History of the Jamkrindo Syariah Company" on the website https://jamkrindosyariah.co.id/sejarah-perusahaan/ accessed on 8 September 2022.
PT. Askrindo Syariah Financing Guarantee. (2022). PT Askrindo Syariah's 2020 Annual Report. Source: https://www.askrindosyariah.co.id/foto_berita/69ANNUAL_REPORT_ASKRINDO_Syariah_2020.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v10i2.32083 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.