The Probability of Extra-Constitutional Amendment on the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia: The Politic of Parliament Against its Constitutionalism

Muhammad Faiz Putra Syanel, Zul Amirul Haq, Muhamad Aljabar Putra

Abstract


Is the constitution a 'product' of Parliament, or is it run its constitutionalism? This question directs the attention of this article to the distinction between glorification and constitutional amendment. The constitution has an unamendable provision that serves as a self-limitation. This restriction is enshrined in constitutional conventions, and it emphasizes that the Parliament cannot rewrite the constitution in a way that abolished the natural character of the constitution. The Parliament, on the other hand, is the organ of government. This body was given the power to amend the Constitution by the Constitution. As a result, it designates Parliament as the greater authority in charge of all organs as well as the constitution. The research of its article uses philosophy and comparative methodology. It took a doctrinal approach to determine the correlation between political will and constitutional normativity while the amendment was in place. The political wills of Parliament are essentially determined by the normativity of the constitution, as the Parliament was born from a constitutional norm. Whereas, according to Hans Kelsen, the constitution existed before all the norms. In this paradox, the constitution was born before the Parliament itself.

Keywords: Constitution; Constitutionalism; Natural Character Unamendable Provision, Parliament

 

Abstrak

Apakah konstitusi merupakan produk dari Parlemen, atau konstitusi menjalankan konstitusionalismenya? Pertanyaan memantik atensi dari tulisan ini yang berfokus pada distingsi antara glorifikasi konstitusi dan proses amandemen. Secara faktual, konstitusi memiliki klausula yang tidak dapat diubah sebagai batasan perubahannya. Limitasi tersebut memiliki fokus pada konvensi konstitusional, dan menegaskan bahwa Parlemen tidak dapat mengubah konstitusi hingga merubah ‘karakter awal’ dari konstitusi itu sendiri. Meskipun Parlemen merupakan Lembaga Pemerintahan, kewenangannya untuk dapat merubah konstitusi pada dasarnya diberikan oleh Konstitusi. Konsekuensinya, Parlemen terdesain secara tidak langsung sebagai lembaga tertinggi yang dimandatkan oleh konstitusi. Untuk mengelaborasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode filosofi dan komparasi hokum. Dengan pendekatan Filsafat, akan didapatkan pandangan atas determinasi hubungan antara kehendak politik dengan normatifitas konstitusi pada saat amandemen sedang berlangsung.  Secara Ideal, kehendak politik parlemen terdeterminasi oleh normatifitas konstitusi, karena parlemen dilahirkan dari Rahim konstitusi. Sedangkan, menurut Hans Kelsen, konstitusi telah lahir jauh sebelum seluruh norma. Dalam paradoks ini, disimpulkan bahwa konstitusi telah lahir jauh sebelum parlemen.

Keywords: Konstitusi; Konstitusionalisme; Karakter Konstitusi; Klausula yang Tidak Dapat Diubah; Parlemen


Full Text:

PDF

References


Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 3rd ed, (London: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2000).

Bazezew, Maru, Constitutionalism, Mizan Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2009.

Bellamy, Richard, “Constitutionalism”, International Encyclopaedia of Political Science, 2010.

Brennan, G. and J. Buchanan, the Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1985).

Bulmer, Elliot, What is a Constitution? Principles and Concepts, 2nd ed, (Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2017).

Ducey, Michael H., the Legal Positivism of Hans Kelsen, (Thesis-Master, Loyola University Chicago, 1959).

Elster, J, the Cement of Society: A Study of Social Order, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989).

Faiz, Pan Mohamad, Constitutional Space in CONSTITUTION MAGAZINE No. 164, October 2020

Freeman, Michael FBA, Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence, 9th ed, (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2014).

Jones, J. Walter, Historical Introduction to the Theory of Law, 2nd ed, (Oxford, 1956).

Kelsen, Hans, General Theory of Law and State, (US: Harvard Univ. Press, 1946).

Kelsen, Hans, The Pure Theory of Law: Legality and Legitimacy. (New York: Oxford, 2007)

Lerner, H., Making Constitutions in Deeply Divided Societies, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Lutz, D. S., Principles of Constitutional Design, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Mezey, M.L., Comparative Legislature, (North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1979).

Risalah Rapat Komisi A ke-4 MPR, 8 Agustus 2002.

Rosenfeld, Michael, and Andreas Sajo eds, 2012, The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law

Roznai, Yaniv, 1st ed, Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments the Limits of Amendment Powers, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)

Samekto, Fx. Adji, “Menelusuri Akar Pemikiran Hans Kelsen Tentang Stufenbeautheorie Dalam Pendekatan Normatif-filosofis”, Jurnal Hukum Progresif, Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2019.

Secretariat General of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia, Minutes of Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 (1999 – 2002), Session Year 2002 Book Three, (Jakarta: Secretariat General of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia, 2009)

Sweet, Alec Stone Sweet, “Constitutional Courts and Parliamentary Democracy”, West European Politics, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2002.

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i6.27336 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.