MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN DAUN TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.) SEBAGAI RESPONS TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN
Abstract
Abstrak
Terung (Solanum melongena L.) tergolong tanaman yang sensitif terhadap kekeringan selama tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Karakteristik stomata dan trikoma merupakan kriteria yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tanaman yang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Penelitian bertujuan menguji respons karakteristik anatomi daun berupa trikoma dan stomata tanaman terung terhadap cekaman kekeringan melalui empat taraf interval penyiraman. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap melalui empat taraf interval penyiraman, yakni 3, 6, 9, dan 12 hari. Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap morfologi permukaan daun pada terung menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kerapatan trikoma tiga kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kontrol, penurunan ukuran lebar trikoma mencapai 59,02%, penurunan ukuran lebar stomata mencapai 78,34%, dan penurunan ukuran lebar porus stomata mencapai 80,80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah trikoma dengan ukuran trikoma yang semakin kecil diduga sebagai bentuk proteksi tanaman terhadap kerusakan jaringan dan mekanisme adaptasi tanaman untuk dapat memenuhi jumlah asimilasi CO2 perluas daun yang dibutuhkan untuk fotosintesis pada kondisi kekeringan. Sensitifitas tanaman terhadap kondisi kekeringan berupa mekanisme adaptasi dengan cara memperkecil ukuran stomata dan bukaan lebar porus, sehingga laju fotosintesis tetap terjaga pada kondisi kekeringandan mekanisme tanaman menjaga efisiensi penggunaan air dengan cara mengurangi ukuran stomata dan memperkecil bukaan porus stomata.
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to a group of plants that are sensitive to drought (water stress) during their growth and development stages. Characteristics of stomata and trichomes are criteria that can be used to identify drought-tolerant plants. This study aims to determine the response of leaf anatomical characteristics of the eggplant as well as trichome and stomata to drought stress through four levels of watering interval. The research using completely randomized design with watering intervals of 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. The effect of drought stress on leaf surface morphology of the eggplant resulted in three times greater trichomes density than control, decreased trichomes width by 59.02%, stomata width by 73.84%, and size of stomata porch width by 80.80%.. The result was showing that increasing number of trichome with smaller trichome size was thought to be a form of crop protection against tissue damage and plant adaptation mechanism in order to meet the amount of CO2 leaf expansion assimilation required for photosynthesis in drought stress condition. The sensitivity of plants to drought stress conditions is the mechanism of adaptation by reducing the size of stomata and wide porous opening, so that the rate of photosynthesis has been maintaining in the dry conditions and the mechanism of the plant maintain the efficiency of water use by reducing the size of stomata and minimizing stomata porous opening.
Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i1. 5667
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