Species Diversity and Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Orchids in Menoreh Ecotourism Areas, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract

Menoreh Hills is an area with high flora diversity. One of the plants reported as having high species diversity in Menoreh Hills is orchid. Most orchids species are known to be rich in  secondary metabolites. This study aims to explore orchids diversity in Menoreh and to identify their secondary metabolites. Orchid data collection was carried out in Sidoharjo Waterfall and Mudal River, Kulon Progo. Inventory survey was carried out by explorative method without plot, and sample collection was done manually. Secondary metabolite identification was carried out by qualitatively on methanolic extract, and detected using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Identification of orchid species was done by comparing morphological characters with literature. Analysis of TLC was carried out by determining the Rf of sample extract spots. The result showed that there are 12 orchid species in Sidoharjo Waterfall and 11 orchid species in Mudal River Ecotourism. A total of 17 orchid species was found in this study, consisted of Liparis condylobulbon, Peristylus goodyeroides, Nervilia plicata, Dendrobium crumenatum, Cymbidium sp., Acriopsis liliifolia, Eulophia cernua, Crepidium kobi, Spathoglottis plicata, Taeniophyllum sp., Liparis parviflora, Bryobium retusum, Zeuxine, Vanilla planifolia, Malaxis sp., Dienia ophrydis, and Phaius sp. Results of secondary metabolite identification showed that most orchids species contain phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds. TLC results indicated that the methanolic extract of orchid samples has high abundance of various secondary metabolites, including flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid compounds.