Keragaman Lima Aksesi Jawer Kotok (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.) Berdasarkan Morfologi dan Marka RAPD
Abstract
Abstrak
Jawer kotok (Plectranthus scutellariodes (L) R.Br.) selain berfungsi sebagai tanaman obat, sering digunakan sebagai tanaman hias karena bentuk dan warna daunnya yang indah. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITTRO) memiliki lima aksesi Jawer kotok yang belum teridentifikasi keragaman genetiknya. Koleksi tersebut perlu dikarakterisasi untuk mendapatkan data morfologi tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembanding antartanaman secara cepat. Identifikasi keragaman genetik dapat menggunakan karakter morfologi ataupun marka molekuler seperti Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman genetik lima aksesi Jawer kotok berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan marka RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah lima aksesi Jawer kotok koleksi kebun percobaan Cimanggu BALITTRO, Bogor Jawa-Barat. Karakteristik morfologi yang diamati meliputi habitus, daun, batang, dan bunga. DNA diekstraksi dari daun segar dengan metode CTAB kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan 20 primer RAPD. Analisa kekerabatan menggunakan metode Gower dan UPGMA dengan software PBSTAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat keragaman pada bentuk daun, bentuk ujung daun, warna daun, dan warna corak daun. Analisis molekuler menunjukkan primer OPK 20, OPB 8, OPD 11, dan OPB 13 merupakan primer dengan polimorfisme tertinggi. Kelima aksesi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan RAPD memiliki hubungan kekerabatan antara 0,5–0,8. Hubungan kekerabatan terjauh adalah aksesi JK1dan JK5, sedangkan kekerabatan terdekat pada aksesi JK3 dan JK4. Karakter daun merupakan karakter dengan keragaman genetik yang tinggi, dan dapat dijadikan kriteria sebagai penciri utama.
Abstract
Jawer kotok (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L) R.Br.) apart from functioning as a medicinal plant, is often used as an ornamental plant because of the beautiful shape and color of its leaves. The Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (BALITTRO) has five Jawer kotok accessions whose genetics have not been identified. These collections need to be characterized to obtain plant morphological data that can be used as a quick comparison between plants. Genetic identity can use morphological characters or molecular markers such as Random Appointed Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This research aims to reveal the genetics of five Jawer kotok accessions based on morphological characters and RAPD markers. The plant materials used were five Jawer kotok accessions from the Cimanggu BALITTRO experimental garden, Bogor, West Java. Morphological characteristics observed include habitus, leaves, stems and flowers. DNA was extracted from fresh leaves using the CTAB method and then amplified using 20 RAPD primers. Relationship analysis uses the Gower and UPGMA methods with PBSTAT software. The research results showed that there was diversity in leaf shape, leaf tip shape, leaf color, and leaf pattern color. Molecular analysis showed that the primers OPK 20, OPB 8, OPD 11, and OPB 13 were the primers with the highest polymorphism. The five accessions based on morphological characters and RAPD have a relationship between 0.5–0.8. The furthest kinship is in accessions JK1 and JK5, while the closest kinship is in accessions JK3 and JK4. Leaf characters are characters with high genetics, and can be used as criteria as main characteristics.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i2.1.25556 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
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