Optimasi Proses Biodegumming Serat Rami (Boehmeria nivea) Menggunakan Bakteri Pektinolitik
Abstract
Abstrak
Proses degumming serat rami umumnya dilakukan menggunakan senyawa alkali dalam jumlah besar, sehingga dihasilkan limbah berlebih dan berakibat pada pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, metode alternatif dengan memanfaatkan agensia hayati untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut penting untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan seleksi kandidat bacterial degumming dari kulit batang rami serta optimasi metode biodegumming menggunakan isolat bakteri pektinolitik. Bakteri pektinolitik diisolasi dari kulit batang rami yang terkomposkan menggunakan media seleksi pektinase (PSAM). Isolat bakteri yang diperoleh kemudian digunakan sebagai agensia biodegumming menggunakan beberapa parameter optimasi meliputi pH (8,5 dan 9), suhu (25 °C dan 37,5 °C), jenis isolat (Pe-Ku 1, Pe-Ku 4, dan Pe-Ku 6) dan jumlah inokulum (1/50 mL, 2/50 mL, dan 3/50 mL). Setelah inkubasi selama 3 hari, serat rami dicuci kemudian ditimbang bobot kering untuk mengetahui penurunan bobotnya. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan two-way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa telah diperoleh 9 isolat bakteri pektinolitik sebagai agensia bacterial degumming. Berdasarkan optimasi metode biodegumming telah diperoleh kondisi optimum yaitu pada pH 8,5; suhu 37,5 °C; serta jumlah inokulum 3/50 mL dengan mengggunakan isolat Pe-Ku 6. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan penurunan bobot rami yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi perlakuan lain, yaitu sebesar 12,7%.
Kata kunci: Bakteri degumming; Bakteri pektinolitik; Kulit batang rami; Serat rami
Abstract
The degumming process of ramie fiber is generally carried out by using large amounts of alkaline compounds, causing excessive waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative methods by utilizing biological agents to overcome these problems. This study aimed to select candidates for bacterial degumming from ramie bark and to optimize the biodegumming method using pectinolytic bacterial isolates. Pectinolytic bacteria were isolated from composted ramie bark using pectinase screening agar medium (PSAM). The bacterial isolates were then used as biodegumming agents using several optimization parameters, including pH (8.5 and 9.0), temperature (25 °C and 37.5 °C), type of isolate (Pe-Ku 1; Pe-Ku 4; and Pe- Ku 6) and the amount of inoculum (1/50 mL, 2/50 mL, and 3/50 mL). After incubation for three days, the ramie fiber was washed, and then measured the dry weight to determine the weight reduction. The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Duncan as the post hoc test. The results showed that nine isolates of pectinolytic bacteria were obtained as bacterial degumming agents. In addition, based on the optimization of the biodegumming method, the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 8.5, temperature 37.5 °C, and the amount of inoculum 3/50 mL using the Pe-Ku 6 isolate. That was indicated by the percentage of ramie weight loss, which was significantly higher than the other combination treatments, 12,7%.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20386 Abstract - 0 PDF - 0
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