Tipe Sarang dan Sebaran Jenis Rayap (Isoptera) di Hutan Kota dan Perkebunan Sawit Wilayah Jambi

Abstract

Abstrak

Jenis sarang dan distribusi rayap di habitat alami dapat ditentukan oleh faktor lingkungan, salah satunya vegetasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tipe sarang dan pola sebaran rayap di Hutan Kota dan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Provinsi Jambi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi habitat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi hutan kota ditemukan 79 koloni rayap dari 9 jenis dengan 4 tipe sarang, yaitu tipe gundukan, pohon, kayu mati, dan serasah. Jenis rayap yang ditemukan di hutan kota, yaitu Pericapritermes mohri, Termes rostratus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes oblongatus, Hospitalitermes hospitalis, Longipeditermes longipes, Nasutitermes longinasus, Bulbitermes constrictoides, Prohamitermes sp. Di lokasi kawasan perkebunan kelapa sawit ditemukan 37 koloni rayap dari 7 jenis dengan 3 tipe sarang, yaitu tipe gundukan, pohon, dan kayu mati. Pola sebaran jenis rayap yang ditemukan di hutan kota mengelompok, seragam, dan pola penyebaran acak. Pola sebaran rayap di lokasi perkebunan kelapa sawit, hanya ditemukan tipe menyebar acak. Tipe sarang dan pola sebaran rayap lebih banyak ditemukan di lokasi yang tidak ditanami kelapa sawit. Rayap yang hidup di hutan kota dan perkebunan sawit bervariasi jenis dan tipe sarangnya.

Abstract

Types of nests and distribution of termites in natural habitats can be determined by environmental factors, including vegetation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nest types and distribution patterns of termites in urban forests and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. Data were collected using a purposive sampling method that was adapted to habitat conditions. The results showed that in the urban forest location, 79 termite colonies of 9 species were found with 4 types of nests, namely mounds, trees, dead wood and litter. The types of termites found in urban forests were Pericapritermes mohri, Termes rostratus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes oblongatus, Hospitalitermes hospitalis, Longipeditermes longipes, Nasutitermes longinasus, Bulbitermes constrictoides, Prohamitermes sp. At the location of the oil palm plantation area, a total of 37 termite colonies of 7 species were found with 3 types of nests, namely mounds, trees, and dead wood. The distribution patterns of termites found in urban forests were clumped, uniform, and random. In oil palm plantation, the distribution pattern of termites found was only randomly distributed. Nest types and distribution patterns of termites were observed more common in locations with no oil plant plantation. To conclude, termites found in urban forest and oil palms plantation varied in species and nest type.