Struktur Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Makrobentos di Perairan Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Abstrak

Teluk Jakarta di perairan Laut Jawa terletak di sebelah utara Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki potensi sangat besar baik sumber daya perairannya maupun sebagai pusat aktivitas dan jasa-jasa lingkungan. Potensi pusat aktivitas meliputi sektor industri, perhubungan, perdagangan, perikanan, pariwisata, dan kependudukan. Namun kondisi perairan Teluk Jakarta semakin lama semakin kritis. Kondisi ini berpengaruh terhadap biota makrobentos seperti Mollusca, Crustacea, Echinodermata, dan Polychaeta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas makrobentos dan status pencemaran perairan Teluk Jakarta berdasarkan indikator biologis. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan Grab Smith McIntyre sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada 9 lokasi yang berbeda. Sampel dianalisis untuk memperoleh keanekaragaman dan struktur komunitas makrobentos, indeks keanekaragaman (H’), indeks kemerataan jenis (J’), serta kualitas perairan Teluk Jakarta. Hasil menunjukkan perairan Teluk Jakarta didominasi oleh Polychaeta dengan persentase 53% (422 individu), Mollusca 33%, Crustacea 13%, dan Echinodermata 1% dengan total individu makrobentos, yaitu 793 individu. Kelimpahan makrobentos paling tinggi, yaitu Mollusca jenis Ennucula sp. (186 individu), Crustacea jenis Apseudes sp. (41 individu), dan Echinodermata jenis Aphiuridae (3 individu). Keanekaragaman jenis di perairan Teluk Jakarta termasuk kategori sedang dengan H indeks 1–2, kondisi perairan tercemar sedang, dan indeks kemerataan jenis (J’) makrobentos tinggi dengan nilai indeks >0,75 yang menunjukkan tidak adanya dominansi spesies.

Abstract

Jakarta Bay is located in the north of DKI Jakarta Province which has enormous potential in its water resources and as a center for environmental services. The center services include the industrial sector, transportation, trade, fisheries, tourism, and population. However, Jakarta Bay waters have suffered critical damage. This condition affects on macrobenthos such as Molluscs, Crustaceans, Echinoderms, Polychaete so the aims of this study is to determine the diversity pollution status of Jakarta Bay based on biological indicators. The sampling method use Grab Smith McIntyre with three replications in 9 different locations. Samples were analyzed to determine the diversity and structure community of macrobenthos, diversity index (H'), index of Evenness (J’) and the water quality of Jakarta Bay based on biological indicators. The results show that Jakarta Bay waters are dominated by Polychaete with a percentage of 53% (422 individuals), mollusks 33%, Crustaceans 13%, and Echinoderms 1% with a total of 793 individuals. Crustaceans consist of 23 species which are dominated by Apseudes sp. Mollusks consist of 265 individuals dominated by Ennucula sp and Echinoderms dominated by Amphiuridae. The level of species diversity in the waters of Jakarta Bay is included in the moderate category with H index 1–2, with moderate polluted waters, and the evenness index (J’) is in the high category with an index value >0,75. It indicate the absence of species dominance.