THE GENUS Cnidoscolus Pohl (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN JAVA
Abstract
Abstrak
Informasi mengenai suku Euphorbiaceae di Pulau Jawa telah direkam dalam buku Flora of Java Volume 1 oleh C.A. Backer and R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. Meskipun demikian, informasi terkini mengenai Euphorbiaceae di Jawa belum tersedia sejak buku tersebut terbit. Beberapa jenis tambahan telah ditemukan dari Jawa dan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan informasi tambahan mengenai Euphorbiaceae yang ada di Jawa. penelitian telah dilakukan di Banten, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret hingga September 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya suatu marga tambahan di Jawa, yaitu Cnidoscolus Pohl. Marga tersebut hanya terdiri dari satu jenis saja di Jawa, yaitu C. aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. Secara taksonomi, jenis ini dibagi menjadi 2 anak jenis, yakni C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius and C. aconitifolius subsp. polyanthus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Breckon. Berdasarkan bentuk bunga betinanya, spesimen dari Jawa telah diidentifikasi sebagai C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius. Tumbuhan ini berasal dari Meksiko dan Mesoamerika dan telah umum dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman sayur di Jawa. Di kawasan Malesia, C. aconitifolius telah dibudidayakan sebelumnya di Brunei, Singapura, dan Filipina. Oleh karena itu, keberadaannya di Jawa ditetapkan sebagai sebuah rekaman distribusi baru untuk kawasan Malesia.
Abstract
The information on Euphorbiaceae in Java island has been recorded in the Flora of Java Volume 1 by C.A. Backer and R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. However, the latest information on Euphorbiaceae of Java has not been provided since the book was published. Several additional species have been found from Java and this study aims to report additional information on Euphorbiaceae of Java. The study was carried out in Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta from March to September 2019. The result of this study shows that there is one additional genus in Java, namely Cnidoscolus Pohl. The genus only consists of 1 species in Java, namely C. aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. Taxonomically, the species was divided into 2 subspecies, i.e. C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius and C. aconitifolius subsp. polyanthus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Breckon. Based on the pistillate flowers shape, the specimens from Java was identified as C. aconitifolius subsp. aconitifolius. The plant is native to Mexico and Mesoamerica and it was commonly cultivated in Java as vegetable crops. In Malesia, C. aconitifolius was previously cultivated in Brunei, Singapore, and The Philippines. Thus, its presence in Java was considered as a newly distributional record for Malesia region.
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