Peran dan Persepsi Ayah dalam Mendukung Pemberian ASI Ekslusif: Sebuah Perspektif Health Belief Model
Abstract
Abstrak
Dukungan ayah menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Konsep Health Belief Model belum dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran perilaku ASI eksklusif dari sisi ayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran peran dan persepsi ayah dalam mendukung pemberian ASI eksklusif menggunakan konsep Health Belief Model. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Tangerang Selatan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melibatkan 5 pasangan yang memiliki anak usia 6-24 bulan dan berhasil ASI eksklusif. Pengumpulan data dengan focus group discussion dan indepth interview. Validasi data dengan triangulasi sumber. Seluruh ayah berperan dengan memberi dukungan fisik seperti menyediakan makanan bergizi, menjaga anak, dan mengerjakan tugas rumah tangga. Ayah juga memberi dukungan emosional seperti menjaga suasana hati istri. Persepsi ayah tentang manfaat ASI eksklusif bagi bayi adalah gizi terbaik dan mencegah penyakit. Selanjutnya dengan mendukung ASI eksklusif dapat membuat ibu bahagia dan melancarkan produksi ASI. Persepsi hambatan berasal dari pekerjaan ayah, suasana hati istri, dan orang tua/mertua yang kurang mendukung. Terdapat informan yang tidak mengetahui dan tidak memiliki persepsi ancaman apabila bayi tidak diberi ASI eksklusif. Persepsi positif tentang ASI eksklusif mendorong ayah untuk berperan dengan baik. Edukasi mengenai peran ayah ASI, manfaat, dan dampak tidak ASI eksklusif perlu diberikan pada ayah serta orang tua (kakek dan nenek bayi). Diperlukan advokasi cuti bekerja atau work-from-home (WFH) bagi ayah agar dapat turut mendukung ASI eksklusif.
Kata Kunci: ASI eksklusif, Ayah, Peran, Persepsi, Health Belief Model
Abstract
Father's support is one of the influential factors in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The concept of the Health Belief Model has not been applied to gain an understanding of exclusive breastfeeding behavior from the perspective of fathers. This study aims to describe the role and perceptions of fathers in supporting exclusive breastfeeding using the Health Belief Model concept. The study took place in South Tangerang City and was conducted using a qualitative method involving 5 couples who have children aged 6-24 months and have successfully achieved exclusive breastfeeding. Data collection was done through focus group discussions, and data validation was achieved through source triangulation. All fathers played a role by providing both physical and emotional support. They had perceptions of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for their babies and wives. Perceived barriers stemmed from work, wives, and parents/in-laws. Some informants had low perceptions of threat in supporting breastfeeding. Positive perceptions of exclusive breastfeeding encourage fathers to play a supportive role. Education regarding the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding should be provided to fathers and grandparents. Advocacy for paternity leave or work-from-home is needed to support exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Father, Role, Perception, Health Belief Model
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