Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Niat untuk Melakukan Vaksinasi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Bekasi
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination is one way to reduce the pandemic which will be given to 70% of the population to achieve herd immunity, but there are still many rejections from the community and the cause needs to be known. This can be predicted with the variable of intention to carry out the COVID-19 vaccine and its factors so that it can be used as consideration in achieving the targets that have been set. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 with the Theory of Planned Behavior approach. This study used a cross sectional analytic study design with a volunteer sampling technique. Data collection using online and offline questionnaires were collected from 15 February to 28 March 2021. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the characteristics of respondents, attitudes to vaccinating COVID- 19, subjective norms, perceptions of behavioral control and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19. A total of 108 respondents with sample criteria not registered as a participant in the COVID-19 vaccination, who have never been vaccinated against COVID-19, aged 18 years and domiciled in Bekasi Regency. Univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analysis were used to analyze the data.Most of them are 18-35 years old (53.7%) which are dominated by women (77.8%) with the last education being SLTA (63%). As many as 79.6% of respondents have a positive attitude to vaccinate COVID-19, as many as 64.8% of respondents have positive subjective norms and there is not much difference between perceptions of positive (57.4%) and negative behavior control (42.6%). Respondents who have the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 are 58.3%. There is a relationship between the attitude to vaccinate against COVID-19 (p- value=0.010) and subjective norm (p-value=0.040) with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Conclusion: Intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 is still low. It is necessary to provide education regarding the importance of COVID-19 vaccination by utilizing social media as a means of education.
Keyword: intention of COVID-19 vaccine, attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control.
Abstrak
Vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan salah satu cara dalam menurunkan pandemi yang akan diberikan kepada 70% penduduk untuk mencapai herd immunity, namun masih banyak penolakan dari masyarakat yang perlu diketahui penyebabnya. Hal ini dapat diprediksi dengan variabel niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19 serta faktornya sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analitik cross sectional dengan teknik sampel volunteer sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner online dan offline yang dikumpulkan dari 15 Februari-28 Maret 2021. Kuesioner berisi pertanyaan mengenai karakteristik responden, sikap untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19, norma subjektif, persepsi kontrol perilaku dan niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19. Sebanyak 108 responden dengan kriteria sampel yang belum terdaftar sebagai peserta vaksinasi COVID-19, pernah divaksinasi COVID-19, berusia ≥18 tahun dan berdomisili di Kabupaten Bekasi. Analisis univariat dan bivariat (chi-square) digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Sebagian besar berusia 18-35 tahun (53,7%) yang didominasi oleh perempuan (77,8%) dengan pendidikan terakhir adalah SMA (63%). Sebanyak 79,6% responden memiliki sikap positif untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19, sebanyak 64,8% responden memiliki norma subjektif positif dan tidak jauh berbeda antara persepsi kontrol perilaku positif (57,4%) dan negatif (42,6%). Responden yang memiliki niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebanyak 58,3%. Terdapat hubungan antara sikap untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19 (p-value=0,010) dan norma subjektif (p-value=0,040) dengan niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19. Niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19 masih rendah. Perlu mengadakan edukasi terkait pentingnya vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai sarana edukasi.
Kata Kunci: niat untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19, sikap untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19, norma subjektif, persepsi kontrol perilakuFull Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, S. H. et al. 2021 ‘Young Adult Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccinations’, Journal of Adolescent Health, p. S1054139X21002858. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.06.003.
Agarwal, V. 2014. ‘A/H1N1 Vaccine Intentions in College Students: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior’. Journal of American College Health, 62(6), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.917650
Ajzen, I. 1991. ‘Theory of Planned Behavior’. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. 2005. ‘Attitudes, Personality and Behavioral,(second edition)’. Open University Press-McGraw Hill Education.
Britt, R. K., Hatten, K. N., & Chappuis, S. O. 2014. ‘Perceived behavioral control, intention to get vaccinated, and usage of online information about the human papillomavirus vaccine.’ Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2013.869175
Dai, Di, 2020. Three in Four Adults Globally Say They’d Get a Vaccine for COVID-19 – But is This Enough?. World Economic Forum.
Detoc, M., Bruel, S., Frappe, P., Tardy, B., Botelho-Nevers, E., & Gagneux-Brunon, A. 2020. ‘Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic’. Vaccine, 38(45), 7002–7006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041
Dwianto, A. R. 2021. ‘Kapan Herd Immunity COVID-19 di Indonesia Dapat Terbentuk? Ini Prediksinya’. DetikHealth. https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-5490569/kapan-herd-immunity-covid-19-di-indonesia-dapat-terbentuk-ini-prediksinya
Fan, C.-W., Chen, I.-H., Ko, N.-Y., Yen, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. 2021. ‘Extended theory of planned behavior in explaining the intention to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among mainland Chinese university students: An online survey study’. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1933687
Gerend, M. A., & Shepherd, J. E. 2012. ‘Predicting Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Young Adult Women: Comparing the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior’. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 44(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-012-9366-5
Guidry, J. P. D., Laestadius, L. I., Vraga, E. K., Miller, C. A., Perrin, P. B., Burton, C. W., Ryan, M., Fuemmeler, B. F., & Carlyle, K. E. 2021. ‘Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine with and without emergency use authorization’. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(2), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.018
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. 2018. Statistik Gender Tematik: Profil Generasi Milenial Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kemenkes RI, ITAGI, UNICEF dan WHO. 2020. Survei Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan. https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Hasil%20Kajian/2020/November/vaccine-acceptance-survey-id-12-11-2020final.pdf
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2021. Vaksinasi COVID-19 Berdasarkan Provinsi dan Kabupaten/ Kota [Status Vaksin]. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/detail_data
Kwok, K. O. et al. 2021, ‘Influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among nurses: A survey’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 114, p. 103854. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103854.
Lee, C. K. C. and Conroy, D. M. 2005, ‘Socialisation through Consumption: Teenagers and the Internet’, Australasian Marketing Journal, 13(1), pp. 8–19. doi: 10.1016/S1441-3582(05)70064-1
Malik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J., & Omer, S. B. 2020, Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinicalMedicine, 26, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100495
Myers, L. B., & Horswill, M. S. 2006, Social Cognitive Predictors of Sun Protection Intention and Behavior. Behavioral Medicine, 32(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.3200/BMED.32.2.57-63
Myers, L. B., & Goodwin, R. 2011, Determinants of adults’ intention to vaccinate against pandemic swine flu. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-15
Neumann-Böhme, S., Varghese, N. E., Sabat, I., Barros, P. P., Brouwer, W., van Exel, J., Schreyögg, J., & Stargardt, T. 2020, Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The European Journal of Health Economics, 21(7), 977–982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6
Ophinni, Y., Hasibuan, A. S., Widhani, A., Maria, S., Koesnoe, S., Yunihastuti, E., Karjadi, T. H., Rengganis, I., & Djauzi, S. 2020, ‘COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Status and Implication for Use in Indonesia’. Acta Med Indonesia,52(4),25.http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1648/pdf
Paris, C., Bénézit, F., Geslin, M., Polard, E., Baldeyrou, M., Turmel, V., Tadié, É., Garlantezec, R., & Tattevin, P. 2021, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. Infectious Diseases Now, S2666991921001044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idnow.2021.04.001
Paul, E., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. 2020, Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Implications for public health communications. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100012
Piltch-Loeb, R. and DiClemente, R. 2020, ‘The Vaccine Uptake Continuum: Applying Social Science Theory to Shift Vaccine Hesitancy’, Vaccines, 8(1), p. 76. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010076.
Pratiwi, A. and Asyarotin, E. N. K. 2019, ‘Implementasi literasi budaya dan kewargaan sebagai solusi disinformasi pada generasi millennial di Indonesia’, Jurnal Kajian Informasi & Perpustakaan, 7(1), pp. 65–80. doi: 10.24198/jkip.v7i1.20066.
Pusat Informasi dan Koordinasi COVID-19 Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2021). Informasi Vaksinasi Covid-19. https://pikobar.jabarprov.go.id/vaccine
Reiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L., & Katz, M. L. 2020, Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine, 38(42), 6500–6507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043
Ruiz, J. B., & Bell, R. A. 2021, Predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Results of a nationwide survey. Vaccine, 39(7), 1080–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.010
Shih, S.-F. et al. 2021, ‘Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States’, Frontiers in Immunology, 12, p. 558270. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270.
Shmueli, L. 2021,’Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model’. 21, 804 BMC Public Health https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7
Sofanudin, A. 2021, ‘Dimensi Teologis dalam Vaksinasi [Preprint]’. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/duz5h
Taylor, S. et al. 2020, ‘A Proactive Approach for Managing COVID-19: The Importance of Understanding the Motivational Roots of Vaccination Hesitancy for SARS-CoV2’, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p. 575950. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575950.
Wolff, K. 2021, COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: The Theory of Planned Behavior, Optimistic Bias, and Anticipated Regret. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 648289. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648289
Yahaghi, R., Ahmadizade, S., Fotuhi, R., Taherkhani, E., Ranjbaran, M., Buchali, Z., Jafari, R., Zamani, N., Shahbazkhania, A., Simiari, H., Rahmani, J., Yazdi, N., Alijani, H., Poorzolfaghar, L., Rajabi, F., Lin, C.-Y., Broström, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. 2021, Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived COVID-19 Infectability Supplement Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Iranians’ Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccinated. Vaccines, 9(7), 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070684
Yigit, M., Ozkaya-Parlakay, A. and Senel, E. 2021, ‘Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal in Parents’, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 40(4), pp. e134–e136. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003042.
Yin, F. et al. 2021, ‘Unfolding the Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in China’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), p. e26089. doi:
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.