Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) Among Indonesian Runners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v15i2.49504Keywords:
exploratory structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis , mindfulness theory , psychometric propertiesAbstract
Running is a widely practised physical activity in Indonesia and has been associated with various psychological
benefits. However, empirically evaluating state mindfulness during running requires context-specific measures. This
study aimed to adapt the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) into Indonesian and assess its
internal structural validity among recreational runners. Following the analytical protocol proposed by Van Zyl and
ten Klooster (2022), the adapted scale was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to examine
baseline factor models and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) to account for cross-loadings across
construct dimensions. Participants were 240 adult recreational runners aged 17 to 60 years who ran at least twice a
week. While bifactor CFA models exhibited high global fit but localised parameter degradation, the correlated twofactor ESEM model provided the most substantively interpretable and empirically acceptable representation of the
data (CFI = .966, TLI = .942, SRMR = .032), successfully distinguishing between State Mindfulness of Mind
(SMM) and State Mindfulness of Body (SMB). Overall, these findings provide initial evidence supporting the
internal structural validity of the Indonesian-adapted SMS-PA, offering a context-specific tool for assessing state
mindfulness during running among Indonesian recreational runners.
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