THE LAW OF ABILITY, TRUST, AND HONESTY: A THEMATIC STUDY OF QUR’ANIC VERSES AND HADITHS ON HAJJ AND UMRAH AS ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR PILGRIMAGE SERVICES

Abstract

Hajj and umrah services in Indonesia have grown into a large business that handles substantial amounts of pilgrims’ funds. This growth raises the question of which ethical foundations in the Qur’an and hadith should guide organizers and pilgrims. This article studies verses and hadiths on hajj and umrah using the thematic exegesis (tafsir maudhu’i) and thematic hadith methods, and reads them for the needs of pilgrimage services. The data consist of Qur’anic verses, hadiths from the canonical collections, classical and contemporary exegesis, and relevant journal articles, analysed through content analysis. The study identifies three main themes. First, ability (istitha’ah) concerns not only physical health but also sufficient provisions and a clear source of funds, so burdensome financing needs careful weighing. Second, pilgrims’ funds and service contracts are trusts (amanah) that must be protected and recorded. Third, honesty and price transparency are conditions for blessed trade, and the Qur’an permits seeking God’s bounty during the pilgrimage season. These findings are arranged into a framework of ethical principles for umrah organizers and future researchers.

Keywords: thematic study; hajj and umrah; istitha’ah; trust; business ethics