Challenges and Impacts of The Absence of Public Libraries in Rural South Africa

Authors

  • Dickson Scotch Mdhlalose Departemen of Information Science, Thembisile Hani Municipality, South Africa
  • Sedume Mashilo Departement of Information Science, Thembisile Hani Municipality, South Africa
  • Isabel Schellnack-Kelly Departement of Information Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15408/w8nbcn05

Keywords:

Information, Public library, Rural area

Abstract

This study examines the effects of a rural community’s lack of a public library. Access to reliable and relevant information is essential for making informed decisions towards achieving educational and developmental goals. Public libraries contribute to social and economic development by offering information vital for informed participation in societal activities, including access to opportunities. The study employed a qualitative research method, with fifty participants selected through purposive sampling from various categories within the rural areas surrounding Kwa-Mhlanga, Mpumalanga South Africa. Data were collected through structured interviews and focus groups and then analysed using thematic analysis. The study found a significant need for a public library in the rural areas surrounding Kwa-Mhlanga. The lack of access to information, education, and support materials negatively affects the community’s educational, social, cultural, and economic well-being. Based on this finding, the study recommends the establishment of a well-resourced, maintained and regularly updated public library to meet the information needs of the different populations that make up the community. Villages surrounding Kwa-Mhlanga should form a community group to promote the establishment of a public library or library services, collaborate with local schools to improve library resources and encourage community use after school hours and collaborate with local organizations to create a mobile library that transports books and resources to various community locations.

References

Aabø S. (2011). The Value of Public Libraries: A Socio-Economic Analysis. Editrice Bibliografica, 169-176. https://www.researchgate.net/publication

Abu, R., Grace, M., & Carroll, M. (2011). The Role of the Rural Public Library in Community Development and Empowerment. The International Journal of the Book, 8(2), 63-74. http://www.Book-Journal.com

Adkins, D. Haggerty, K., & Haggerty, T. (2014). The Influence of Community Demographics on New Public Library Facilities. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 51(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.2014.14505101050

Agosto, D. E. (2008). Alternative Funding for Public Libraries: Trends, Sources, and the Heated Arguments that Surround It, Nitecki, D. A. and Abels, E. G. (Ed.) Influence of Funding on Advances in Librarianship (Advances in Librarianship, Vol. 31), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, 115-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2830(08)31004-6

Agyekum, B. O., Arthur, B., & Trivedi, M. (2016). Adoption of social networking tools in public university libraries in Ghana. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 5(5), 158-168. http://www.ijird.com/

Babbie, E. (2013). The practice of social research. 13th ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Barclay, D. A. (2017). Space and the social worth of public libraries. Public Library Quarterly, 36(4), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2017.1327767

Bertot, J. C., Real, B., & Jaeger, P. T. (2016). Public libraries building digital inclusive communities: Data and findings from the 2013 digital inclusion survey. The Library Quarterly, 86(3), 270-289. https://doi.org/10.1086/686674

Bopape, S., Mahlatji, M. M., Dikotla, M., Ntsala, M., & Makgahlela, L. (2017). Identifying the information needs of public library and information services users in Limpopo province. South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 83(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.7553/83-1-1631

Bopape, S. T., Dikotla, M., Mahlatji, M., Ntsala, M. N., & Lefose, M. (2021). Public and community libraries in Limpopo Province, South Africa: prospects and challenges. South African Journal of Library and Information Science, 87(1), 9-10. https://doi.org/10.7553/87-1-1810

Bouaamri, A., Otike, F., & Barat, A. H. (2022). Libraries and library professions in Africa, in confront of the emerging trends and challenges. The Reference Librarian, 63(4), 163-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763877.2022.2147677

Brinkmann, S. (2018). The interview, in The Sage handbook of qualitative research, edited by NK Denzin and YS Lincoln. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Caliste, A. L. E. (2012). The project management project—challenges in the public sector. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2012—North America, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/project-management-challenges-public-sector-6033

Chiwaura, Y. M. (1993). The development of public libraries in Zambia: Problems and constraints. Master’s dissertations, Loughborough University of Technology.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Dent, V. F. ed. (2014). Rural Community Libraries in Africa: Challenges and Impacts: Challenges and Impacts. IGI Global. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5043-5

Du Plessis, P., & Mestry, R. (2019). Teachers for rural schools–a challenge for South Africa. South African Journal of Education, 39(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39ns1a1774

Grandia, J., & Volker, L. (2023). Public Procurement: Theory, Practices and Tools, Springer Nature.

Guarria, C. I., & Wang, Z. (2011). The economic crisis and its effect on libraries. New Library World, 112(5/6), 199-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801111136248

Hart, G. (2021). October. Public Libraries Stepping into the Gap? A Study of School Learners' Use of Libraries in a Disadvantaged Community in Cape Town. In IASL Annual Conference Proceedings. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iasl7536

Hollman, A. K., Obermier, T. R., & Burger, P. R. (2021). Rural measures: A quantitative study of the rural digital divide. Journal of Information Policy, 11176-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757477

Holt, G. E. (2009). A viable future for small and rural libraries. Public Library Quarterly, 28(4), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616840903333709

Hoq, K. M. G. (2014). Information ethics and its implications for library and information professionals: A contemporary analysis. Philosophy and Progress, 51(1-2), 37-48. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/iijikm/article/view/144659/134310

Hughes, C., & Boss, S. (2020). How Rural Public Libraries Support Local Economic Development in the Mountain Plains. Public Library Quarterly, 40(3), 258-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2020.1776554

Islam, M. S., & Ahmed, S. Z. (2012). The information needs and information-seeking behaviour of rural dwellers: A review of research. IFLA journal, 38(2), 137-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035212444513

Ismael, A. K., & Ngah, I. (2011). Rural population density effect on socio-economic characteristics: A review. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 655-661. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2011.655.661

Jiyane, G. V., & Sokhela, M. I. (2023). The Role of Georgetown Public Library in Meeting the Academic Information Needs of High School Learners. Mousaion, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-659X/11796

Johnson, C. A., & Griffis, M. R. (2013). The effect of public library use on the social capital of rural communities. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 46(3), 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000612470278

Kamba, M. A. (2009). Access to information: The dilemma for rural community development in Africa. https://repository.gatech.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/6f945267-ba32-4880-ba80-bd7f1315088b/content

Lal, J. (2018). The Role of Public Libraries in Socio-Cultural Development in Rural Areas in India. Library Progress (International), 38(2), p.299. https://doi.org/10.5958/2320-317x.2018.00032.6

Leach, A. (2006). Alternative funding and the public library sector: an explanatory overview with reference to South Africa. Innovation, 32(1), 125-155. https://doi.org/10.4314/innovation.v32i1.26517

Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical research: Planning and design. 12th ed. Boston: Pearson.

Lehman, K. A. (2014). Collection Development and Management: An Overview of the Literature, 2011-2012. University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/libpub/14

Leonard, A., & Ngula, A. (2013). The role of community libraries in the society: The case of Maxwilili community library. Namibia Library Symposium, 209-221. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318130005_The_role_of_community_libraries_in_the_society_The_case_of_Maxwilili_community_library

Lwoga, E. T, Ngulube, P., & Stilwell, C. (2010). Information needs and information seeking behaviour of small-scale farmers in Tanzania. Journal of Appropriate Librarianship and Information Work in Southern Africa, 40, 83-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/innovation.v40i1.60088

Lwoga, E. T, Stilwell, C., & Ngulube P. (2011). Access and use of agricultural information and knowledge in Tanzania. Library Review, 60(50), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/00242531111135263

Magara, E., & Nyumba J. B. (2004). Towards a school library development policy for Uganda. Library Review, 53(6), 313-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530410544402

Mahwasane, N. P. (2008). Provision of library services to disadvantaged children in rural areas of the Limpopo Province, Master’s Thesis, Pretoria: University of South Africa.

Maja, M. M., & Motseke, M. (2022). The Role of Classroom Libraries in Promoting Reading: A Case of Rural Primary Schools in the Limpopo Province. The International Journal of Literacies, 29(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0136/CGP/v29i02/1-12

Mamabolo, M. J., & Durodolu, O. O. (2023). Rural accessibility to digital libraries: requirements and challenges. Digital Library Perspectives, 39(4), 551-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-04-2023-0025

Mamman, E. S. (2015). Utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in public library services in Nigeria. Unpublished thesis (Doctor of Philosophy).

Mapulanga, P. (2015). Public procurement legislation and the acquisition of library materials in academic libraries in Malawi. Library Review, 64(1/2), 101-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/LR-05-2014-0047

Masinde, J. M., Wambiri, D. M., & Chen, J. (2020). Gender and cognitive factors influencing information seeking of graduate students at Kenyatta University Library. South African Journal of Information Management, 22(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v22i1.1154

Matodzi, T. A. (2019). A model for enhanced functionality of public libraries as hubs of information for rural community development: Mutale case study (Doctoral dissertation), University of Venda. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0d25/5b0c9f074ad5bd04eec91d7e850cd98a15cc.pdf

Maurya, R. J. (2016). Role of Public Libraries in the Development of Society. Library Waves, 2(2), 139-142. https://www.librarywaves.com/index.php/lw/article/view/42

Mia, M. S. (2020). The role of community libraries in the alleviation of information poverty for sustainable development. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 12(2), 31-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJLIS2020.0942

Mittal, S., Padmaja, S. S., & Ajay, A. (2018). Agricultural information and knowledge network in rural India: a case of Bihar. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 24(5), 393-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2018.1491871

Mohammed, B. B. (2019). Provision of public library services to meet the information needs of rural dwellers in the North-Western zone of Nigeria. Doctoral thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.

Mohammed, B. B., & Garaba, F. (2019). An investigation on the forms of information sources and services utilised among rural dwellers from public libraries in the North-West zone of Nigeria. South African Journal of Information Management, 21(1), a1020. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v21i1.1020

Mojapelo, M. S. (2008). Library and information resources in rural schools of Limpopo Province: A pilot study. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa, Pretoria.

Mojapelo, M. S. (2014). Provision of school libraries in public high schools in the Limpopo province, South Africa, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa, Pretoria.

Moonasamy, A. R., & Naidoo, G. M. (2022). Digital Learning: Challenges experienced by South African university students' during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning, 17(2), 76-90. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2519-56702022000200005&lng=en&nrm=iso

Mostert, J., & Nthetha, M. (2008). Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in secondary educational institutions in the uMhlathuze Municipality, South Africa: An insight into their utilization, impact, and the challenges faced. South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 74(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.7553/74-1-1255

Mphidi, M. H. (2016). Strategy for South African Public Libraries to bridge the digital divide. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.

Mtega, W. P. (2012). Access to and usage of information among rural communities: A case study of Kilosa District Morogoro Region in Tanzania. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 7(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v7i1.1646

Olatoye, O. I., Muchaonyerwa, N., & Gunuza, N. (2021). Equity of access to library and information services and education support at Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality: the case of King William’s Town, South Africa. South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 87(2), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.7553/87-2-1925

Mugwisi, T., Jiyane, G. V., & Fombad M. C. 2016. Public libraries as facilitators of information services: A case study of selected libraries in KwaZulu-Natal. Information Development, 34(1), 31-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916672718

Ndebele, C., Muhuro, P., & Nkonki, V., 2016. Rurality and the professional development of university teachers. South African Journal of Higher Education, 30(6), 127-145. https://doi.org/10.20853/30-6-728

Nkondo, M., Brown, A., Dick, A., Hart, G., Molawa, S., Nassimbeni, M., Seleti, Y., & Teffo, L. J. (2014). The library and information services (LIS) transformation charter. Pretoria: Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) and the National Council for Library and Information Services (NCLIS).

Obadare, S. O., & Okunlola, A. A. (2005). The Role of rural libraries in the attainment of rural development programmes in Nigeria. University of Dares Salaam Library Journal, 7(1), 71-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/udslj.v7i1.26632

Omotosho, A. M., & Okiki, O. C. (2012). Challenges of Public Libraries Patrons in the Use of Information Services for Attainment of Health Millennium Development Goals. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Paper 758. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/758

Philbin, M. M., Parker, C. M., Flaherty, M. G., & Hirsch, J. S. (2019). Public libraries: A community-level resource to advance population health. Journal of Community Health, 44(1), 192-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0547-4

Raju R., & Raju J. (2010). The public library as critical institution in South Africa’s democracy: a reflection. Libres Library and information Science Research Journal, 20(1), 1-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32655/LIBRES.2010.1.4

Real, B., & Rose, R. N. (2017) Rural Public Libraries in America: Continuing and Impending Challenges Rural and Small Public Libraries: Challenges and Opportunities. Advances in librarianship, (43), 37-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0065-283020170000043003

Reitz, J. (2010). Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. ”ODLIS.

Rowsell, J., Morrell, E., & Alvermann, D. (2017). Confronting the Digital Divide: Debunking Brave New World Discourses. The Reading Teacher, 71(2), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1603

Sambo, P. K. (2018). Investigating information needs of library users: a case study of Bushbuckridge community library. Masters Dissertation. University of Limpopo, Polokwane.

Schrag, T., Mefford, C., Cottrill, J., & Paley, J. (2015). Building a Public Library Impact Data Hub: A Global Libraries “Data Atlas” for Storytelling, Strategy Development, and Collaboration. Paper presented at the 81 st IFLA World Library and Information Congress, Cape Town, South Africa. http://library.ifla.org/1272/1/088-schrag-en.pdf

Schotanus, F. (2023). Organizing Public Procurement. Springer eBooks, 7-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18490-1_4

Sheikh, M. M. (2017). Bridging digital divide in India: Way forward & challenges. International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 2(4), 129-136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352442075_Bridging_digital_divide_in_India_Way_forward_challenges

Soliman, S., & Wei, P. (2016). The Impacts of Economic Development on Public Libraries: A Study Case of Bibliotheca Alexandrina Library. Modern Economy, 7(5), 619-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236

Statistics South Africa. (2012). Census 2011: Provinces at glance. www.statssa.gov.za/census/census.../census.../Provinces

Stilwell, C. (2016). Public libraries and social inclusion: an update from South Africa. In Perspectives on libraries as institutions of human rights and social justice, 41, 119-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0065-283020160000041006

Strand, K. J. (2016). An exploration into the role of public libraries in the alleviation of information inequality and poverty in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.

UNESCO. (1997). The public library services. Munchen: UNESCO Publishing. http://www.ifla.org/VII/s8/unesco/manif.htm

Vårheim, A. (2017). Public libraries, community resilience, and social capital. Information Research, 22(1), CoLIS paper 1642. http://InformationR.net/ir/22-1/colis/colis1642.html

Vassilakopoulou, P., & Hustad, E. (2023). Bridging digital divides: A literature review and research agenda for information systems research. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(3), 955-969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10096-3

Downloads

Published

2025-09-04