The Institution of Legal Liability in the Digital Age: International Legal Standards, Administrative, Financial and Criminal Aspects

Abstract

The article reveals the issue of legal responsibility within the context of digitalization in society. It is indicated that legal obligation, as a tool for coercion and the restoration of law and order, has always depended on the form of social relations. Today, digitalization has given rise not only to new objects of legal protection (personal data, digital assets, information security), but also to new subjects, such as platforms, algorithms, and autonomous systems. It is stated that the formation of the digital state leads to the transformation of traditional forms of public law responsibility, primarily administrative. In the digital age, not only is the form of offenses changing, but also how they are committed, recorded, detected, and proven. Administrative liability is becoming a tool for rapid response to mass violations in the fields of e-governance, personal data processing, cybersecurity, digital platform use, artificial intelligence, and telecommunication services. It is concluded that, accordingly, the institution of legal responsibility in the digital age is a system of prevention, regulation, self-control, and international cooperation. It must be adaptive, technologically literate, and human rights. The quality of legal mechanisms in the digital sphere determines whether the rule of law will remain effective in the context of digital transformation.

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