BULETIN ADALAH
type: channel
description: Journal Summary BULETIN ADALAH is an academic journal published by UIN Jakarta (Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta), Indonesia. The journal serves as a scholarly platform for the dissemination of research, critical studies, and academic discussions in the fields of Islamic studies, social sciences, and contemporary issues related to Muslim societies. BULETIN ADALAH aims to promote interdisciplinary dialogue by publishing high-quality articles written by academics, researchers, and practitioners. The journal encourages contributions that offer theoretical insights, empirical research findings, and policy-relevant analysis within national and global contexts. The journal is published periodically and is available online through its official website: https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/adalah Editorial Team Structure: Editor-in-Chief: Nur Rohim Yunus Managing Editor: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra Editorial Board Members: Anggit Ardiansyah Reviewers: Experts and scholars from relevant academic disciplines The journal applies a peer-review process to ensure academic integrity, originality, and scholarly quality.
publisher: UIN Jakarta
language: en
publication name: BULETIN ADALAH
issn: 2338-4638
items: Analisis Yuridis Optimalisasi Limbah Karet Dalam Rantai Bisnis Berdasarkan Prinsip hukum Ekonomi Lingkungan
items: Efektivitas Cerai Gugat Secara Verstek dalam Penentuan Hak Hadhanah dan Nafkah Anak Pada Pengadilan Agama Serang Banten
items: Hak Immunitas Wartawan Dalam Menjalankan Tugas Ditinjau Dari Perspektif UU Pers dan UU Nomor I Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP
items: Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pekerja Atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) Sepihak Oleh Pengusaha Di Kabupaten Serang
items: Analisis Yuridis Konflik Kewenangan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Dengan Badan Narkotika Nasional Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Narkotika di Indonesia
items: Efektivitas Tindakan Preventif Dan Persuasive Babinkantibmas Dalam Penanggulangan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Di Kecamatan Pakuhaji Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Kepolisian
items: The Unclear Employment Status of Digital Platform Workers in the Indonesian Labor Law System
items: Examining the Role of Village Officials in Land Mafia Crimes (Case Study: Land Plot Sale and Purchase in Sidokerto Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency)
items: A Comparative Study of Legal Systems in the Regulation of Business Activities in Indonesia and Common Law Countries
items: Ruang Kelas Menuju Metaverse: Peluang dan Tantangan Transformasi Pembelajaran di Pendidikan Dasar
items: Study on Zakat Management in ASEAN Countries
items: Pengaruh Pemahaman Bahasa Arab terhadap Penetapan Hukum dalam Fiqh
items: Constitutional Philosophy: The Basic Foundation of the Legal State
items: The Constitution as the Embodiment of Political Philosophical Values
items: The Nature of Justice in Constitutional Philosophy
items: CONSTITUTION AND DEMOCRACY: The Relationship between Law and Popular Sovereignty
items: Constitutional Changes in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy
items: The Constitution as an Instrument for the Protection of Human Rights
items: Dynamics of CO2 Emission Flux from the Vegetation Canopy Percentage in the Suropati City Park Ecosystem
items: Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Based on Encoder and Decoder Networks Using Weighted Cross Entropy Loss Function
items: The Future of Sovereignty in the Digital Age and Cybersecurity in Philosophical Dimension
items: Limitation of Sovereignty based on International Obligations in a Philosophical Dimension
items: Ethical Dilemma between Human Rights and State Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
items: Foreign Intervention and Threats to Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
items: Globalization Challenges to State Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
items: The Significance of Sovereignty in the Context of the Modern State in a Philosophical Dimension
items: Sovereignty is Superiority in the Philosophical Dimension
items: Terminology of Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
items: Sovereignty Depends on the Existence of the State in the Philosophical Dimension
items: Relations between State and Sovereignty in the Philosophical Dimension

Analisis Yuridis Optimalisasi Limbah Karet Dalam Rantai Bisnis Berdasarkan Prinsip hukum Ekonomi Lingkungan
type: item
description: Penelitian ini menganalisis optimalisasi nilai ekonomi limbah karet dalam kerangka pembangunan berkelanjutan melalui perspektif hukum ekonomi lingkungan, dengan studi kasus di Kota Serang, Provinsi Banten. Meskipun kerangka hukum nasional seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 telah membuka peluang pemanfaatan limbah B3, implementasinya di tingkat daerah masih menghadapi berbagai kendala. Penelitian sosio-legal ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data primer melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan (regulator, industri, akademisi, masyarakat) dan data sekunder dari studi dokumen peraturan, laporan, serta jurnal ilmiah. Analisis dilakukan secara interaktif menggunakan teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto, teori hukum progresif Satjipto Rahardjo, serta konsep ekonomi sirkular dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 1.500 ton limbah karet tahunan di Kota Serang, hanya 15% yang termanfaatkan, sementara potensi nilai tambah mencapai Rp. 4,5–7,5 miliar per tahun belum tergarap optimal. Ketidakefektifan ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan pengawas lingkungan (5 orang untuk 150 perusahaan), minimnya insentif fiskal, rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, serta dominasi budaya industri linier. Penelitian ini merumuskan strategi terintegrasi yang mencakup penerapan prinsip Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) melalui Peraturan Daerah, penguatan inspeksi berbasis teknologi (CEMS, citra satelit), pemberian insentif fiskal, fasilitasi pembiayaan hijau, kebijakan pengadaan pemerintah untuk produk daur ulang (aspal karet, material bangunan), serta pengembangan bank sampah digital dan pelatihan kewirausahaan berbasis limbah. Strategi ini diharapkan mampu menyeimbangkan tiga pilar pembangunan berkelanjutan: profit (penghematan biaya 20-30%, pertumbuhan pasar 15-20%), planet (pengurangan limbah ke TPA 30%, penurunan emi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Lasemin Lasemin
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i2.50798

Efektivitas Cerai Gugat Secara Verstek dalam Penentuan Hak Hadhanah dan Nafkah Anak Pada Pengadilan Agama Serang Banten
type: item
description: Secara normatif, perkara verstek dalam konteks cerai gugat diatur dalam Pasal 116 huruf f Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), yaitu ketika suami meninggalkan istri selama dua tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin dan alasan sah. Dari perspektif hukum acara, kasus verstek menempatkan Pengadilan Agama pada situasi kompleks karena sering berhadapan dengan tergugat (suami) yang absentee tidak hadir atau tidak diketahui keberadaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji efektivitas penerapan ketentuan hukum mengenai hak hadhanah (pemeliharaan anak) dan nafkah anak dalam putusan cerai gugat secara verstek di Pengadilan Agama Serang, Banten; dan 2) mengidentifikasi kendala serta implikasi yuridis dari putusan tersebut terhadap pemenuhan hak anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal atau yuridis-empiris. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena tidak hanya menganalisis hukum sebagai norma yang otonom (law in the books), tetapi juga memahami hukum sebagai institusi sosial yang beroperasi dalam konteks empiris (law in action). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan hakim, analisis putusan pengadilan, serta studi dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penerapan hukum dalam putusan verstek bersifat parsial. Hak hadhanah efektif secara prosedural karena memberikan kepastian hukum administratif bagi ibu sebagai penggugat, namun lemah secara substansial akibat ketidakhadiran tergugat yang menghalangi penggalian mendalam terhadap kompetensi ibu sebagai pemegang hak asuh. Sementara itu, hak nafkah anak ditemukan tidak efektif, baik dalam penetapan maupun eksekusi. Penetapan nafkah sering dilakukan secara pro justitia tanpa bukti konkret kemampuan ekonomi tergugat, sehingga putusan sulit dijalankan ketika tergugat tidak kooperatif atau tidak memiliki harta yang dapat disita. Ratio decidendi hakim didasarkan pada kepastian hukum dan perlindungan anak, namun terbatas oleh tidak terpenuhinya asas kontradiktif (audi et alt…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Budi Bofiola Marpaung
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i4.50746

Hak Immunitas Wartawan Dalam Menjalankan Tugas Ditinjau Dari Perspektif UU Pers dan UU Nomor I Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP
type: item
description: Penelitian ini mengkaji kesenjangan antara norma perlindungan wartawan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dengan praktik pemidanaan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP Baru). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan empiris. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aparat penegak hukum, wartawan, dan Dewan Pers, serta analisis dokumen kasus dan literatur hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU Pers memberikan perlindungan melalui definisi kegiatan jurnalistik, jaminan kemerdekaan pers sebagai hak asasi, hak tolak, serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa melalui Dewan Pers. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 145/PUU-XXIII/2025 mempertegas bahwa pemidanaan wartawan hanya dapat dilakukan setelah mekanisme Dewan Pers ditempuh. Namun, KUHP Baru memuat ketentuan berpotensi menjerat kerja jurnalistik, seperti delik pencemaran nama baik, berita bohong, penghinaan terhadap pemerintah, serta perluasan alat bukti elektronik yang mengancam hak tolak wartawan. Kesenjangan antara norma dan praktik disebabkan oleh faktor hukum berupa multi-interpretasi norma, pengabaian asas lex specialis derogat legi generali, dan inkonsistensi implementasi nota kesepahaman Dewan Pers dengan aparat penegak hukum. Faktor non-hukum meliputi rendahnya pemahaman aparat tentang UU Pers, tekanan politik dan ekonomi, budaya litigasi masyarakat, lemahnya perlindungan internal perusahaan pers, serta maraknya oknum wartawan tidak profesional. Implikasi kesenjangan ini adalah munculnya chilling effect, menurunnya kualitas informasi publik, melemahnya fungsi kontrol sosial pers, dan kemunduran kualitas demokrasi. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, optimalisasi nota kesepahaman Dewan Pers dengan aparat, penguatan perlindungan hukum oleh perusahaan pers, serta harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan untuk memastik…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhlisin Muhlisin
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i2.50745

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pekerja Atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) Sepihak Oleh Pengusaha Di Kabupaten Serang
type: item
description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap hak pekerja atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) sepihak oleh pengusaha di Kabupaten Serang serta mengkaji upaya hukum yang ditempuh pekerja dalam memperjuangkan hak-haknya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap pekerja korban PHK sepihak, mediator Dinas Tenaga Kerja, serta pendamping hukum di Kabupaten Serang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum, baik preventif maupun represif, belum berjalan optimal. Perlindungan preventif menghadapi kendala serius karena pengusaha kerap mengabaikan prosedur PHK sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 151 UU Ketenagakerjaan, seperti melakukan PHK secara lisan tanpa surat peringatan, menggunakan alasan efisiensi yang tidak transparan, memaksa pekerja mengundurkan diri (forced resignation), serta melakukan PHK dengan motif pemberangusan serikat pekerja (union busting). Selain itu, lemahnya pengawasan ketenagakerjaan akibat keterbatasan jumlah pengawas dan tidak adanya daya paksa dari rekomendasi yang dikeluarkan semakin memperburuk efektivitas perlindungan preventif. Sementara itu, perlindungan represif melalui jalur mediasi dan litigasi juga menghadapi berbagai hambatan. Akses pekerja terhadap keadilan terhambat oleh rendahnya kesadaran hukum pekerja, keterbatasan biaya, serta lemahnya posisi tawar pekerja di hadapan pengusaha. Upaya hukum non-litigasi melalui mediasi di Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Serang memiliki tingkat keberhasilan sekitar 60 persen, namun efektivitasnya sangat bergantung pada itikad baik pengusaha karena mediator tidak memiliki kewenangan memaksakan kesepakatan. Sebaliknya, upaya litigasi di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial (PHI) menghadapi kendala pembuktian dan biaya, meskipun proses peradilan relatif cepat. Dengan demikian, diperlukan penguatan substansi hukum melalui pemberian sanksi tegas bagi perusahaan yang mel…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Agus Muhindar
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v1i3.50744

Analisis Yuridis Konflik Kewenangan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Dengan Badan Narkotika Nasional Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Narkotika di Indonesia
type: item
description: Penelitian ini menganalisis dualisme kewenangan penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika antara Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (Polri) dan Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) serta implikasi yuridisnya terhadap efektivitas penegakan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yang diperkaya dengan data empiris melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aparat penegak hukum di Polres Tangerang Selatan dan BNN Provinsi Banten, serta kajian putusan pengadilan dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dualisme kewenangan bersumber pada konstruksi hukum yang tidak harmonis antara Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Polri yang memberikan kewenangan umum penyidikan kepada Polri, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika yang memberikan kewenangan khusus kepada BNN. Kedua undang-undang tidak mengatur mekanisme koordinasi, hierarki, atau prioritas kewenangan secara tegas, sehingga menciptakan konflik norma horizontal dan tumpang tindih kewenangan. Perbedaan mendasar juga ditemukan dalam batas waktu penangkapan (1×24 jam untuk Polri versus 3×24 jam untuk BNN), yang semakin memperparah ketidakpastian hukum. Implikasi yuridis dualisme ini mencakup ketidakpastian hukum (rechtssicherheit) karena tidak jelasnya lembaga yang berwenang, ketidakadilan (gerechtigkeit) akibat perbedaan prosedural yang berpotensi melanggar prinsip persamaan di hadapan hukum, serta inefisiensi (zweckmäßigkeit) berupa duplikasi sumber daya dan pemborosan anggaran. Penelitian ini menawarkan model harmonisasi kewenangan, yaitu model koordinasi fungsional yang diperkuat dengan mekanisme penugasan bersama sebagai transisi menuju model subsidiaritas. Rekomendasi jangka pendek meliputi pembentukan peraturan bersama antara Kapolri dan Kepala BNN serta forum koordinasi rutin, sedangkan rekomendasi jangka panjang mencakup revisi Undang-Undang Narkotika dengan mengadopsi pendekatan subsidiaritas dan harmonisasi batas waktu penangkapan. Kata Kunci: Dualisme Kewenangan, Pe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Achmad Ficry
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i3.50743

Efektivitas Tindakan Preventif Dan Persuasive Babinkantibmas Dalam Penanggulangan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Di Kecamatan Pakuhaji Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Kepolisian
type: item
description: Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas tindakan preventif dan persuasif Bhabinkamtibmas dalam penanggulangan penyalahgunaan narkotika di Kecamatan Pakuhaji, Kabupaten Tangerang, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penghambatnya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap Bhabinkamtibmas, tokoh masyarakat, aparat pemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan preventif dan persuasif Bhabinkamtibmas di Kecamatan Pakuhaji efektif dalam membangun ketahanan sosial terhadap bahaya narkotika. Efektivitas tersebut tercermin dari tiga indikator utama: pertama, meningkatnya kepercayaan masyarakat yang ditandai dengan partisipasi aktif warga melaporkan aktivitas mencurigakan; kedua, keberhasilan pendekatan personal persuasif dalam mendorong korban penyalahguna narkotika menjalani rehabilitasi sesuai amanat Pasal 54 dan 55 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009; ketiga, efektivitas peran mediasi dalam mencegah eskalasi konflik horizontal dan tindakan main hakim sendiri. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum kepolisian, tindakan tersebut telah sesuai dengan kewenangan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, khususnya Pasal 13, Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf g, dan Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf c tentang diskresi kepolisian. Namun, optimalisasi tugas Bhabinkamtibmas menghadapi hambatan internal (keterbatasan personel dan beban administrasi) serta hambatan eksternal (kultur masyarakat tertutup, modus operandi jaringan narkoba yang canggih, dan masalah sosial-ekonomi). Hambatan tersebut membentuk lingkaran setan yang saling menguatkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemenuhan rasio personel ideal, reformasi sistem administrasi berbasis teknologi, penguatan forum kemitraan polisi-masyarakat, serta program pemberdaya…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Tarsin Tarsin
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Indrayanto Indrayanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i3.50742

The Unclear Employment Status of Digital Platform Workers in the Indonesian Labor Law System
type: item
description: The development of the digital economy has given rise to a platform-based employment relationship model (gig economy), which places workers in an ambiguous position within the Indonesian labor law system. This article aims to analyze the unclear employment status of digital platform workers from the perspective of Indonesian labor law and formulate ideas for a more adaptive and equitable regulatory reconstruction. This research employs normative legal research methods, utilizing a statutory and conceptual approach. The results indicate that the provisions in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, as amended by Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, do not explicitly accommodate platform-based employment models. This unclear status results in the non-fulfillment of workers' normative rights, such as minimum wages, social security, and protection against termination of employment. Regulatory reconstruction is needed to clarify the category of digital employment relationships, ensuring legal certainty and protecting workers' rights. Keywords: Digital Platform Workers, Employment Relations, Gig Economy, Legal Protection, Regulatory Reform
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Riko Adamulloh
creator: Mustopa Adam
creator: Suandi Suandi
creator: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 87
ending page: 98
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.50272

Examining the Role of Village Officials in Land Mafia Crimes (Case Study: Land Plot Sale and Purchase in Sidokerto Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency)
type: item
description: This study examines the legal relationship between village government and land affairs, as well as the involvement of village officials in land mafia crimes. As the lowest administrative unit, villages hold the authority to issue land documents such as Land Ownership Certificates (SKT), which play a crucial role in the land registration process. However, this authority is often misused by corrupt officials who manipulate documents to serve the interests of land mafias. A case study conducted in Sidokerto Village reveals that illegally issued SKTs are used to legitimize unlawful land transactions. This research adopts a socio-legal (empirical) method with a case study approach. It considers law as both a normative system and a social reality. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with affected residents, village officials, notaries/PPAT, land office (BPN) personnel, and police officers, as well as field observation and legal document analysis. The data were analyzed qualitatively to interpret the gap between legal norms and their implementation, and to uncover patterns of land-related crimes involving village actors. The findings underscore the urgency of stricter oversight, digitalization of land administration at the village level, and policy reform to prevent abuse of authority. Keywords: Village, land affairs, Land Ownership Certificate, land mafia, socio-legal research
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Herman Sitompul
creator: Fitriyanti Fitriyanti
creator: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 67
ending page: 86
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.50264

A Comparative Study of Legal Systems in the Regulation of Business Activities in Indonesia and Common Law Countries
type: item
description: Economic globalization has intensified cross-border business relations, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the differences among legal systems governing business activities. Differences in legal systems, particularly between the civil law and common law systems, have a significant impact on contract formation, dispute resolution, and the protection of business actors’ interests. Indonesia, as a country that adopts the civil law system, has distinct characteristics in business regulation compared to common law countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. This article aims to analyze the comparative legal aspects of business law between Indonesia and common law countries, with a focus on sources of law, contract law, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method employed is normative legal research using a comparative law approach. The findings indicate that differences in legal systems have direct implications for legal certainty, contractual flexibility, and business strategies adopted by business actors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Gunawan Gunawan
creator: Rasman Habeahan
creator: Abu Nawas
creator: Muhammad Chotib
creator: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 55
ending page: 66
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.50254

Ruang Kelas Menuju Metaverse: Peluang dan Tantangan Transformasi Pembelajaran di Pendidikan Dasar
type: item
description: The transformation of 21st-century education demands a shift in classrooms from transmissive learning to student-centered learning oriented toward meaningful learning experiences, particularly in elementary education. In line with the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka), digital technology including the metaverse is viewed as a strategic tool for enriching the learning process. This essay critically examines the transformation of classrooms toward the metaverse, highlighting its opportunities, challenges, and implementation strategies. The study's approach is conceptual and analytical, drawing on theories of social constructivism, experiential learning, and child cognitive development. The study's findings indicate that the metaverse has the potential to increase learning engagement and support concrete, differentiated, and project-based learning. However, its implementation faces challenges related to technology access, teacher readiness, pedagogical design, and ethical issues. Therefore, the use of the metaverse needs to be gradual, contextual, and aligned with the principles of the Independent Curriculum. Keywords: Classroom Transformation; Immersion Technology; Metaverse; Independent Curriculum; and Elementary Education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sina Wardani Siregar
creator: Devi Purwanti
creator: Laely Rizki Maulida
creator: Kharisma Yusuf Khairunnisa
creator: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 19
ending page: 54
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i6.50214

Study on Zakat Management in ASEAN Countries
type: item
description: Zakat is an Islamic economic instrument that has a strategic role in improving social welfare and reducing economic inequality. Countries in the ASEAN region have diverse characteristics in terms of government systems, regulations, and institutions for zakat management. This article aims to examine the management of zakat in ASEAN countries by examining the aspects of regulation, institutions, mechanisms for collecting and distributing zakat, as well as the role of the state in its management. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach to various literature sources, policy documents, and related research results. The results of the study show that zakat management in ASEAN countries shows a variety of models, ranging from systems that are formally integrated with the state to those that are managed semi-formally by non-governmental institutions. These differences are influenced by the legal, social, and political factors of each country. This study is expected to make an academic contribution and become a reference for the development of a more effective and sustainable zakat management policy in the ASEAN region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Atep Abdurofiq
creator: Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.50163

Pengaruh Pemahaman Bahasa Arab terhadap Penetapan Hukum dalam Fiqh
type: item
description: Abstract: Arabic plays a crucial role in the study of Islamic law because all primary sources the Qur’an, Hadith, ijma’, and qiyas are written in Arabic. Limited understanding of Arabic structures and meanings can lead to misinterpretation of legal texts and incorrect rulings. This study examines how mastery of the Arabic language affects the accuracy of legal reasoning in fiqh. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research shows that skills in syntax (nahwu), morphology (sharaf), rhetoric (balaghah), and style (uslub) greatly influence a jurist’s ability to derive legal rulings. Therefore, Arabic is not just a means of communication but a key tool for fully understanding Islamic law. Keywords: Arabic Language, Fiqh, Legal Derivation, Islamic Law, Ushul Fiqh
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: riskywaluyo_jaty waluyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Adalah
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.47139

Constitutional Philosophy: The Basic Foundation of the Legal State
type: item
description: This essay examines the role of the constitution as a fundamental element in forming a democratic and just state based on law. In the philosophical dimension, the constitution is seen not only as a legal document but also as a reflection of fundamental values that reflect the identity of a nation, such as justice, freedom, and respect for human rights. This essay explains that a state based on law prioritises the supremacy of law, where all government actions must be based on the law, not the power of specific individuals or groups. According to legal philosophy, an ideal constitution must regulate the separation of powers, checks and balances mechanisms, and protection of citizens' rights. This essay also discusses the challenges that arise if a country does not have a strong constitution, which has the potential to cause legal uncertainty and political instability, and provides recommendations for strengthening the constitution in building a just state based on law.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

The Constitution as the Embodiment of Political Philosophical Values
type: item
description: This essay discusses how the constitution manifests the values of political philosophy that underlie a country. The constitution functions as the highest legal document and reflects the ideals of politics, justice, and ideal governance. However, in its implementation, the country often faces a dilemma between the perfect norms of the constitution and the existing social, political, and economic realities. This essay examines various foundations—philosophical, sociological, and legal—that strengthen the constitution as a reflection of the values of political philosophy. In addition, it also discusses the debate on the flexibility of the constitution and the challenges in balancing local and universal values. Finally, this essay offers ideal recommendations so that the constitution remains relevant, can accommodate the dynamics of society, and functions as the central pillar of a democratic state.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

The Nature of Justice in Constitutional Philosophy
type: item
description: This essay discusses the nature of justice in constitutional philosophy as an effort to achieve a balance between individual rights and collective interests. Justice is not a static concept, but continues to evolve along with social and political changes. This essay explains several strategic steps to uphold constitutional justice, including equitable legal reform, strengthening judicial institutions, increasing access to justice, and implementing a multidisciplinary approach in public policy. The state can create a more inclusive and bias-free legal system by understanding justice from a philosophical, sociological, and legal perspective. The active involvement of various stakeholders is key to realising real justice. Thus, this essay emphasises that justice must be realised in normative concepts and sustainable policy practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

CONSTITUTION AND DEMOCRACY: The Relationship between Law and Popular Sovereignty
type: item
description: This essay discusses the close relationship between the constitution, democracy, and law in realising a sovereign state based on the rule of law. This essay highlights the role of the constitution as the primary foundation that regulates the division of power, individual rights, and governance mechanisms in a democratic system. In this context, popular sovereignty is a fundamental principle that requires the people to actively form and supervise legal policies. This essay explains that the law must reflect the people's will, guarantee justice, and ensure social welfare through a transparent and accountable process. In addition, enforcing the law based on the people's sovereignty requires a fair and participatory system, which allows every individual to participate in legal decision-making. This essay concludes by emphasising that a healthy relationship between the constitution, democracy, and law is the key to creating a just and sovereign state, where the law serves social justice for all people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

Constitutional Changes in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy
type: item
description: This essay discusses constitutional change from the perspective of legal philosophy, focusing on philosophical, sociological, and legal aspects. Constitutional change is considered essential to maintain the relevance of a country's fundamental law. This essay reviews the debate between rigid and living constitutions, reflecting the tension between legal stability and flexibility. From the perspective of legal philosophy, constitutional change is analysed through the concepts of justice, utilitarianism, and social contract theory, which emphasise that change must create justice and reflect social consensus. Sociologically, this essay highlights factors such as demographic changes, developments in social values, and interest group pressures that drive constitutional change. From a legal perspective, this essay emphasises the importance of a legitimate amendment procedure to maintain legitimacy. Overall, this essay suggests that constitutional change should be carried out carefully to remain relevant to the dynamics of society without damaging the legal order.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

The Constitution as an Instrument for the Protection of Human Rights
type: item
description: The constitution is the highest fundamental law and is the main instrument in protecting human rights (HAM). This essay discusses the importance of the constitution in guaranteeing individual freedom and balancing state interests with citizen rights. However, implementing human rights in the constitution often faces a dilemma, especially when national interests clash with personal liberty. With a strong philosophical, sociological, and legal foundation, the constitution can effectively ensure justice and freedom for all. In addition, strengthening legal mechanisms, socialising human rights, harmonising with international standards, and increasing community participation are strategic steps to make the constitution the main pillar in enforcing human rights. Thus, the constitution is not only a legal text, but also a dynamic and adaptive tool for protecting rights to the development of the times.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2023-05-05
publication date: 2023-05-05

Dynamics of CO2 Emission Flux from the Vegetation Canopy Percentage in the Suropati City Park Ecosystem
type: item
description: In recent years, fossil fuel usage and industrial activities have significantly increased, leading to higher greenhouse gas emissions and impacting global temperature, contributing to global warming and climate change. The carbon footprint measures these emissions through carbon flux rates, influenced by climate conditions, soil and water uptake, organic matter, and microbial activities. The experiment used a gas analyzer and gas chromatograph to measure samples under three conditions. The highest average flux rate was in fully enclosed vegetation (4.04 g CO2/m²/day), followed by not enclosed vegetation (4.01 g CO2/m²/day), and the lowest was 3.91 g CO2/m²/day. Results indicate that vegetation and urban parks reduce CO2 emission fluxes, with each area's vegetation state affecting soil and air temperature, pH content, and soil moisture. However, many aspects such as soil type and climate cognition can influence fluctuation of carbon fluxes in each condition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon Dioxide Emission
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetation
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Fluxes Rate
  topic: keywords
creator: Ade Irma Elvira
creator: Muhammad Reza Ramadhani
creator: Mufti Petala Patria
creator: Erwin Nurdin
creator: Ivan Ivanovich Vasenev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i6.44821

Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Based on Encoder and Decoder Networks Using Weighted Cross Entropy Loss Function
type: item
description: Retinal disease that has a major impact on human vision is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease caused by advanced diabetic mellitus. Early detection of the disease is very importance. An automated system that can recognize retinal blood vessel abnormalities is very useful for providing quick information to prevent further damage to the retina. In this study, we propose an automated system for segmenting the blood vessels in retinal fundus images using semantic segmentation based on pre-trained from VGG transfer learning and using median frequency balancing weights for the cross entropy loss function. The median frequency weights are to balance the importance of blood vessel and background pixels to get more accurate training results. The integration of encoder and decoder networks utilizing VGG transfer learning and semantic segmentation can segment retinal blood vessels with a sensitivity value of 85.48% using the DRIVE and STARE database.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic retinopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Retinal blood vessels
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-trained transfer learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Semantic segmentation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinial Utami Nurul Qomariah
creator: Handayani Tjandrasa
creator: Ade Irma Elvira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v9i6.44857

The Future of Sovereignty in the Digital Age and Cybersecurity in Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: The development of information and communication technology has created new complex challenges to state sovereignty. Cyber threats, digital attacks, and privacy violations are now serious problems that not only undermine state stability but also disrupt sovereignty in the digital space.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-12-14
publication date: 2024-12-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i6.45838

Limitation of Sovereignty based on International Obligations in a Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: International law recognizes sovereignty as the right of a state to regulate its own internal affairs. However, this recognition is accompanied by limitations aimed at maintaining world order and respecting human rights. Principles such as non-intervention and respect for territorial boundaries are the foundations of international law that support state sovereignty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-12-14
publication date: 2024-12-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i6.45837

Ethical Dilemma between Human Rights and State Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: Human rights issues are often a driving factor for foreign intervention in a country's domestic affairs. However, this creates an ethical dilemma between state sovereignty and the protection of human rights. Countries accused of violating human rights often face international pressure and threats of intervention that could disrupt domestic stability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-10-14
publication date: 2024-10-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i5.45836

Foreign Intervention and Threats to Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: Foreign intervention in a country's domestic affairs is often a controversial issue in international relations. Intervention can occur in military, economic, or diplomatic forms on the grounds of humanity, democracy, or peace. However, intervention is often considered to violate the principle of state sovereignty and become a tool of great power hegemony.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-10-14
publication date: 2024-10-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i5.45835

Globalization Challenges to State Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: This essay discusses the challenges faced by state sovereignty in the era of globalisation by integrating the perspective of political philosophy. Globalisation, which increases the interconnectedness of states, has a significant impact on the concept of state sovereignty, especially in economic, cultural, and political aspects. In the financial field, globalisation limits state domestic policies through global market pressures and international agreements. Contemporary political philosophy includes the debate between maintaining state sovereignty and global responsibilities, such as international justice and cross-border solidarity. Cultural globalisation threatens national identity, where global values often replace local cultures. States must formulate wise policies to maintain national autonomy while adapting to global changes. In this context, political philosophy offers a normative framework emphasising the balance between domestic interests and international responsibilities, to realise a more just and harmonious world.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-08-14
publication date: 2024-08-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i4.45834

The Significance of Sovereignty in the Context of the Modern State in a Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: This essay discusses the significance of sovereignty in the context of the modern state, highlighting the transformation of the concept of sovereignty and the development of globalisation, technology, and international interdependence. Initially, sovereignty was understood as the absolute power of a state to regulate its domestic affairs. However, sovereignty must be adjusted to international norms and human rights in the global era. Globalisation and digital threats require states to balance domestic interests and global obligations. This essay also raises the dilemma of international intervention and the role of sovereignty in facing these challenges. Therefore, a more flexible, inclusive, and participatory sovereignty reinterpretation is needed, considering the state's responsibilities to its citizens and international cooperation. With this approach, state sovereignty can remain relevant and effective in responding to the challenges of the times, such as globalisation and climate change, while maintaining identity, security, and social welfare.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-08-14
publication date: 2024-08-14
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i4.45833

Sovereignty is Superiority in the Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: This essay discusses the concept of sovereignty as the central pillar of a state's identity and superiority in the international order. Sovereignty is not just the highest power, but also the basis for a state's independence, integrity, and authority to determine its fate without external intervention. Through the perspective of thinkers such as Jean Bodin and Hans Kelsen, sovereignty is understood as the right of a state to regulate domestic affairs and maintain its integrity amidst global dynamics. Although globalisation challenges state authority, sovereignty remains a flexible and adaptive principle, allowing states to interact within equal international relations. Sovereignty also affirms the principle of non-intervention respected in international law. In the era of globalisation, despite interdependence, states must be able to maintain autonomy to protect national interests. Sovereignty symbolises the greatness and dignity of a nation that cannot be mortgaged or compromised, reflecting the right of a state to freely determine the direction of policy and maintain domestic and international stability. This essay emphasises that sovereignty must continue to be preserved, respected, and upheld to maintain the independence and identity of the nation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-04-13
publication date: 2024-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i3.45807

Terminology of Sovereignty in Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: Essay ini mengulas konsep kedaulatan dalam perspektif filsafat, yang melibatkan perjalanan panjang pemikiran dari otoritas absolut penguasa hingga supremasi hukum dan kehendak rakyat. Dimulai dengan Jean Bodin yang memperkenalkan konsep kedaulatan absolut, diikuti oleh perkembangan pemikiran filsuf seperti Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, dan Jean-Jacques Rousseau melalui teori kontrak sosial yang menekankan pada legitimasi rakyat. Hans Kelsen kemudian menggeser fokus kedaulatan menuju sistem hukum, menyarankan bahwa negara seharusnya berlandaskan pada supremasi hukum dan bukan kekuasaan individu. Namun, dengan tantangan globalisasi, konsep kedaulatan tradisional menghadapi perubahan signifikan, di mana negara semakin tergantung pada kerjasama internasional. Kedaulatan kini lebih bersifat dinamis dan kontekstual, harus menyeimbangkan kewajiban internasional tanpa mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip dasar seperti legitimasi kekuasaan, ketertiban sosial, dan perlindungan hak-hak rakyat. Meskipun demikian, kedaulatan tetap berperan penting dalam menjaga stabilitas, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan dalam masyarakat modern yang semakin terhubung.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-04-12
publication date: 2024-04-12
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i1.45790

Sovereignty Depends on the Existence of the State in the Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: This essay discusses the inherent relationship between sovereignty and the state and the state's role in realising and implementing sovereignty. Sovereignty, which refers to the highest power in a territory, cannot exist without the state as a legitimate political entity. The state is the foundation of sovereignty, acting as an institution that enforces the law, protects the rights of citizens, and maintains order and security. Through the social contract theory, the state emerges from social agreement to ensure security and justice. The state has the power to make laws, enforce rules, and resolve disputes, which reflects the operationalisation of sovereignty in the life of society. In the international context, sovereignty is recognised as the main attribute of a legitimate state, but it is not absolute because the state must comply with international norms. International recognition of the state is essential for the legitimacy of sovereignty, allowing states to interact at the global level. In conclusion, sovereignty can only exist effectively if a state exercises it, so the state acts as a pillar supporting sovereignty in the legal structure and international system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-04-12
publication date: 2024-04-12
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i1.45791

Relations between State and Sovereignty in the Philosophical Dimension
type: item
description: This essay discusses the fundamental relationship between the state and sovereignty, which are the main pillars of the modern political system. Sovereignty provides legitimacy to the state to run a legitimate and effective government, while the state serves as a vessel for implementing that sovereignty. Using perspectives from classical and modern thinkers such as Schmitt, Hobbes, and Fukuyama, the author explores how sovereignty allows the state to act independently and maintain domestic and international stability. In the context of globalisation, challenges to state sovereignty are increasingly complex, including foreign intervention and limitations on state policy due to international agreements. On the other hand, the importance of stable state institutional strength in maintaining sovereignty is increasingly emphasised, especially in facing external threats and domestic conflicts. The relationship between the state and sovereignty can be maintained sustainably by strengthening state institutions, respecting international law, and promoting public participation in politics. In conclusion, a sovereign state must be able to maintain a balance between power and justice to ensure legitimacy and stability in an ever-evolving political order.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
creator: Nur Rohim Yunus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Buletin Adalah
date: 2024-04-13
publication date: 2024-04-13
doi: 10.15408/adalah.v8i2.45799