PROSES RELASI GENDER PADA SINGLE PARENT DALAM MEMBENTUK IDENTITAS GENDER ANAK
Abstract
Abstract. The problem of being a single parent who experiences a change in role and has a double burden in the formation of a child's gender identity, becomes its own difficulty for single parents. The formation of gender identity itself is an important part of recognizing the concept of gender as a male (masculine) or female (feminine) which is influenced by biological, social, and cognitive factors during the socialization process of their parents. To describe this situation, this research study focuses on examining how gender relations between children and single parents of different sexes provide an understanding of children's gender identity using social learning theory. In this study, a qualitative approach was used based on a critical review of the literature, both theoretical and empirical. The results showed that in single-parent families, there tends to be an imbalance in the process of learning gender identity because of gender roles vacancies. The domination of gender norms when socializing gender identity can obscure the role of one gender, so that the meaning of gender is biased. This also happens because children who experience losing role models in the process of ordering their gender identities will be attached to disharmony in the form of vacant roles. Therefore, single parents must be able to provide an understanding of gender identity so that children have knowledge of balanced gender identities to minimize psychological conflicts in the growth of a child from a single-parent family.
Abstrak. Problematika status sebagai orang tua tunggal yang mengalami perubahan peran serta memiliki beban ganda dalam pembentukan identitas gender anak, menjadi kesulitan tersendiri bagi para orang tua tunggal. Pembentukan identitas gender sendiri merupakan bagian penting dalam mengenali konsep gender anak sebagai seorang laki-laki (maskulin) atau perempuan (feminin) yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis, sosial, dan kognitif selama proses sosialisasi dari orang tuanya. Untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan tersebut, studi penelitian ini berfokus mengkaji bagaimana relasi gender antara anak dan orang tua tunggal yang berbeda jenis kelamin dalam memberikan pemahaman mengenai identitas gender anak dengan menggunakan teori belajar sosial (social learning theory). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan tinjauan kritis dari literatur baik teoritis maupun empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam keluarga orang tua tunggal, cenderung terjadi ketimpangan dalam proses pembelajaran sosial identitas gender karena adanya kekosongan peran gender. Adanya dominasi norma gender saat sosialisasi pembentukan identitas gender dapat mengaburkan peran salah satu gender, sehingga makna gender dianggap bias. Hal ini juga terjadi karena anak yang mengalami kehilangan panutan dalam proses pembentukan identitas gendernya, akan lekat dengan disharmoni yang dialami berupa kekosongan peran. Maka dari itu, orang tua tunggal harus dapat memberikan pemahaman mengenai identitas gender agar anak memiliki pengetahuan mengenai identitas gender yang seimbang sehingga dapat meminimalisir konflik psikologis dalam pertumbuhan seorang anak dari keluarga orang tua tunggal.
Keywords
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DOI: 10.15408/harkat.v17i1.20712
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