Pengukuran terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha Siswa SMK: Hasil Uji Validitas Konstruk Intensi Berwirausaha

Niqo Ahmad

Abstract


Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan berbasis kewirausahaan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewirausahaan dapat meningkatkan intensi berwirausaha secara tidak langsung dengan memperbarui pengetahuan, mengolah kemampuan, dan memperkuat tekad untuk berwirausaha (Guifang, et al., 2012), namun Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada Berita Resmi Statistik (2012) pada bulan Agustus tahun 2012 menyatakan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) menurut pendidikan tertinggi yang ditamatkan menunjukkan SMK berada pada tingkat yang paling tinggi yaitu 9,87%. Hal tersebut membuat penelitian terkait intensi berwirausaha pada siswa SMK penting untuk dilakukan. Dalam literatur psikologi, intensi telah terbukti sebagai prediktor terbaik untuk menggambarkan perilaku yang akan datang (Ajzen, 1991).


Keywords


uji validitas konstruk, intensi berwirausaha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

References


Afzalurrahman. (1997). Muhammad Sebagai Seorang Pedagang. Jakarta: Penerbit Yayasan

Swarna Bhumy

A j z e n , I . ( 2 0 0 5 ) . A t t i t u d e s , Personality, and Behavior. Maidenlead . UK: Open University Press

Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of P l a n n e d B e h a v i o r Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Prosesses. USA: Academic Press, Inc

Alhaj, B., Yusof, M., & Edama, N. (2011) . Entrepreneurial Intention: An Empirical Study o f C o m m u n i t y C o l l e g e Students in Malaysia. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, Bil 14 : 45 – 58. Malaysia

Ariani, D.W. (2006). Need for Achievement dalam Kinerja I n d i v i d u : T i n j a u a n K o n s e p t u a l . F a k u l t a sEkonomi Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2012). Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Agustus 2012. Berita Resmi Statistik No. 75/11/Th. XV

B r o w n , E l e a n o r. R . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . Generation X and Y:A comparative analysis of e n t re p re n e u r i a l i n t e n t . Gordon Institute of Business S cien ce, U niv ers ity of Pretoria.

Campo, José L.M. (2011). Analysis of the influence of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions.

Prospect. Vol. 9, No. 2

Castillo, M. R. (2009). Autonomy as a F o u n d a t i o n o f H u m a n Development: A Conceptual

Model to Study Individual A u t o n o m y . M a a s t r i c h t G r a d u a t e S c h o o l o f G o v e r n a n c e . M G S o G / 2 0 0 9 / W P 0 1 1 . Maastricht University

Chaplin, C.P. 2006. Kamus Lengkap P s i k o l o g i . P e n e r j e m a h : Kartini Kartono. Jakarta:

Rajawali Pers

Dehkordi, A., Sasani, A., Fathi, M., dan Khanmohammadi, E. (2012). Investigating the E f f e c t o f E m o t i o n a l Intelligence and Personality Traits on Entrepreneurial Intention Using the Fuzzy D E M A T E L M e t h o d . International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 13; July 2012. USA: Centre for Promoting Ideas

De Noble, A.F., Jung, Dong., Ehrlich, S.B. (1999). Entrepreneurial S e l f - E f f i c a c y : T h e Development of a Measure and Its Relationship to Entrepreneurial Action. San Diego State University Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. (2012). Garis-Garis Besar Program Pembinaan SMK Tahun 2012. D i r e k t o r a t J e n d e r a l P e n d i d i k a n M e n e n g a h , Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Fatoki, Olawale. (2010). Graduate Entrepreneurial Intention in South Africa: Motivations and Obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management. South Africa: Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare Feist, & Feist . (2010) . Teori Kepribadian Jil. 2. Jakarta:

Salemba Humanika

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Bilief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior. An Introduction to T h e o r y a n d R e s e a rc h . Reading, MA: Addison Wesley

Friedman, H., & Schustack, M. (2009). Personality: Classic T h e o r i e s a n d M o d e r n Research 4th Edition. Boston:Pearson Higher Education

Gelard, P., & Saleh, K.E. (2010). Impact of some contextual factors on entrepreneurial

i n t e n t i o n o f u n i v e r s i t y students. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(26), pp. 10707-10717, 28 October, 2011

Guifang, Z., Peng, C., Luqing, F., & Ziqi, C. An Emprical of College Carve-Out Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. China: School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University

Gubruz, G., & Aykol, S. (2008). Entrepreneurial Intention of Young Educated Public in

Turkey. Turkey: Marmara University

Hassan, R.A & Wafa, S.A. (2005). P r e d i c t o r s T o w a r d s Entrepreneurial Intention: A Malaysian Case Study. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences Vol. 01 No. 11. [01-05]

Hashemi, S., Hosseini, S., & R e z v a n f a r, A . ( 2 0 1 2 ) . Explaining Entrepreneurial Intention among Agricultural S t u d e n t s : E f f e c t s o f Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy and College Entrepreneurial Orientation . Journal of Business Management

Hmieleski, K.M and Corbett, A.C ( 2 0 0 6 ) . P ro c l i v i t y f o r Improvisation as a Predictor

of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management 2006 44(1), pp.

–63

Hmieleski, K.M., & Baron, R.A. ( 2 0 0 8 ) . W h e n d o e s entrepreneurial self-efficacy Enhance versus reduce firm p e r f o r m a n c e . S t r a t e g i c Entrepreneurship J., 2: 57–72

Hyrsky, Kimmo., & Tuunanen, Mika. (1999). Innovativeness and Risk-taking Propensity: A Cross Cultural Study of F i n n i s h a n d U . S . Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners. University of Jyväskylä, School of Business & Economics

Indira, C., Soenhadji, I., (2010). Students Entrepreneurship I n t e n t i o n : S t u d y o Comparison Between Java and Non Java. Jurusan M a n a j e m e n , F a k u l t a s Ekonomi. Depok: Universitas Gunadarma

Indarti, N. dan Rostiani, R. (2008). I n t e n s i K e w i r a u s a h a a n M a h a s i s w a : S t u d i P e r b a n d i n g a n A n t a r a Indonesia, Jepang dan Norwegia. Jurnal Ekonomika dan Bisnis Indonesia, Vol. 23, No. 4, Oktober 2008

Izquierdo, E., Buelens, M. (2008). C o m p e t i n g M o d e l s o f Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy a n d A t t i t u d e s . I n t e r n a t i o n a l i z i n g Entrepreneurship Education and Training Conference. USA: Oxford

Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan T r a n s m i g r a s i ( 2 0 1 2 ) . R e n c a n a P e m b a n g u n a n Jangka Panjang 2010-2025 Bidang Ketenagakerjaan dan Ketransmigrasian. Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Tr a n s m i g r a s i R e p u b l i k Indonesia KEP. 16/MEN/II/2010. (2010). Perluasan Kesempatan Kerja d a n P e n i n g k a t a n Kesejahteraan Tenaga Kerja Melalui Penciptaan dan Pengembangan Wirausaha. Kesepakatan Bersama antara Kementerian Tenaga Kerja d a n T r a n s m i g r a s i , Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah, Kementerian Perindustrian d e n g a n K e m e n t e r i a n Kelautan dan Perikanan, dan Kementerian Pemuda dan Olah Raga

K e r l i n g e r , F r e d N . ( 2 0 0 2 ) . Foundations of Behavioral Research. 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Publishing Co

Khodabakhshi, S., & Talebi, K. (2012). Evaluating the Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention of Tehran University (Case S t u d y o f E n g i n e e r i n g C a m p u s ) . J o u r n a l o f Education and Vocational Research Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 82-

8 . I r a n : F a c u l t y o f Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran

Larsen, Randy J., & David, M. Buss. ( 2 0 0 2 ) . P e r s o n a l i t y psychology: Domains of knowladge about human nature (1st ed). New York. McGraw Hill

L e v e n s o n , H a n n a . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . D i f f e re n t i a t i n g A m o n g Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance. Research with T h e L o c u s o f C o n t r o l Construct (Vol. 1). Academic Press

Linan, F., & Chen, Y. (2006). Testing the Entrepreneurial Intention Model On a Two-Country Sample. Spain: Departament d'Economia de l'Empresa, F a c u l t a t d e C i è n c i e s Econòmiques i Empresarials

M a h s h u n a h , S h o f i a . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . H u b u n g a n A n t a r a S e l f Efficacy Dengan Intensi Berwirausaha (Penelitian Pada Siswa Kelas XII SMK Ibu Kartini Semarang). Under Graduates thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Mobaraki, M.H., Zare, Y.B. (2012). D e s i g n i n g P a t t e r n o f Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention. Information Management and Business Review Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 428-433

Muzayini, Ayi. E. K. (2008). Indahnya Berbisnis Dengan Tuhan. Tangerang: Penerbit Fatihah

Publishing

Nicholson., et al. (2005). Risk Propensity and Personality. London: Economic and Social Research Council

Nishantha, Busige (2009). Influence of Personality Traits and Socio-demographic Background of Undergraduate Students on M o t i v a t i o n f o r Entrepreneurial Career: The Case. of Sri Lanka. Euro-Asia M a n a g e m e n t S t u d i e s A s s o c i a t i o n ( E A M S A ) Conference. Japan: Doshisha Business School

Nwankwo, B., Marire, M., Kanu, G., Balogun, S., & Uhiara, A. ( 2 0 1 2 ) . G e n d e r - R o l e Orientation and Self Efficacy a s C o r r e l a t e s o f Entrepreneurial Intention. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 6. Nigeria Ogundipe, S., Kosile, B., Olaleye, V., O g u n d i p e , L . ( 2 0 1 2 ) . Entrepreneurial Intention a m o n g B u s i n e s s a n d Counseling Students in Lagos State University Sandwich Programme . Journal of Education and Practice Vol 3, No 14

Opoku-Antwi, G., Amofah, K., Koffuor, K., & Yakubu, A. (2012) . Entrepreneurial Intention Among Senior High School Students in the S u n y a n i M u n i c i p a l i t y. International Review of Management and Marketing Vol. 2, No. 4, 2012, pp.210-219

Pedhazur, E.J, (1997), Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research (3th Ed). CBS College Publishing, New York

Prihatsanti, Unika. (2010). Hubungan Kepuasan Kerja Dan Need For Achievement Dengan Kecenderungan Resistance To Change Pada Dosen Undip Semarang. Semarang: F a k u l t a s P s i k o l o g i Universitas Diponegoro

Santrock, J.W. (2009). Psikologi Pendidikan Edisi 3 Buku 2. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika

Sieger, P., Fueglistaller, U., & Z e l l w e g e r, T. ( 2 0 11 ) . Entrepreneurial Intentions and Activities of Students a c r o s s t h e W o r l d . International report of the G l o b a l U n i v e r s i t y E n t r e p r e n e u r i a l S p i r i t Students' Survey project (GUESSS 2011). St.Gallen: Swiss ResearchInstitute of S m a l l B u s i n e s s a n d Entrepreneurship at the University of St.Gallen (KMU-HSG)

Stewart, W.H., & Roth, P.L. (2001) Risk Propensity Differences Between Entrepreneurs and Managers: A Meta-Analytic Review.Arthur M. Spiro Center for Entrepreneurial L e a d e r s h i p W o r k i n g PaperNumber: 99-101

Suryana, (2009). Kewirausahaan: Pedoman praktis kita dan p ro s e s m e n u j u s u k s e s . Jakarta: Salemba empat

T h o m p s o n , E d m u n d . ( 2 0 0 9 ) . Individual Entrepreneurial I n t e n t : C o n s t r u c t C l a r i f i c a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n t o f a n Internationally Reliable Metric. EntrepreneurshipTheory and Practice. Baylor University

Turker, D., Selcuk, S. (2008). Which factors affect entrepreneurial i n t e n t i o n o f u n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t s ? J o u r n a l o f European Industrial Training Vol. 33 No. 2. Turkey: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Umar, Jahja (2010). Personality Needs, Kepuasan, & Prestasi Kerja.UIN Jakarta Press:Ciputat

UU No. 69 Tahun 2009. Percepatan Pelayanan Perizinan dan N o n P e r i z i n a n U n t u k Memulai Usaha. Peraturan Bersama Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Menteri Perdagangan, Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, dan Kepada Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal

Winardi, J. (2004). Entrepreneur & Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: Prenada Media

Woolfolk, Anita.(2009). Educational Psychology Active Learning Edition. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Z a i n , Z a h a r i a h . M . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . Entrepreneurship Intention Among Malaysian Business Students. Canadian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 3, 2010, pp. 34-44


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.15408/jp3i.v3i3.10734

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Niqo Ahmad

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.