How Far Has Our Wakaf Been Researched?

In practice, waqf in Indonesia faces many hard problems, because commonly known as non-productive waqf. Talking about waqf, it's not only as religious rituality but also could touch humanity aspect by empowering its potency to maximize public wealth. On the other hand, the research related to waqf is still very lack, but it is very important to do. This study reviews on research around waqf. The study used descriptive statistical analysis based on 100 journal publications related to waqf, both national and International journal. The entire sample journal publications have published last 5 years from 2011 to 2015. Results show that the waqf research is still dominated by the discussion of non-cash waqf (62%) then the cash waqf (38%). This gives a general overview for researchers to produce better research related to cash waqf. In addition, comparison of quantitative research methods is still far less than the qualitative approach.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i1.3110


INTRODUCTION
The instrument of waqf is one of Islamic law regarding the life of society as acts of worship ijtima'iyyah which is working for community interests in order to devote Allah SWT. In addition, Islam has institutional preparation to obtain the funds to the poor communities can stand on its own. To achieve this goal, one can be given through waqf besides from the payment required (zakat) and voluntary payment contribution others. So if this waqf instrument is developed and managed productively, it can serve as an alternative for poverty reduction.
In act context, waqf is defined specifically to work of waqif to deliver some of his wealth to be used forever or for a certain period of time in accordance with its importance to the necessity of worship and the public welfare according to the Islami.
In practical, waqf in Indonesia is now faced with the problems that are quite complex because most of waqf nonproductive and operational cost is a burden on society. This fact illustrates the waqf condition that defined by Mundzir Qahf is directly waqf, not productive waqf. This means that the waqf that provides services directly to the community, waqf is no provided for production matter.
Institution of waqf is currently not only as a religious ritual but also it can touch the humanity aspect by empowering the potential for public welfare. On the other side, of the research and development related to waqf and its management is still very less, though this is very important to be done. Compared to the zakat, research about waqf is still low from quantity side, both in the world especially in Indonesia.
Based on the background described above, the formulation of the problem in this research is as follows: (1)

METHOD
The study on this research focuses on the exploration of 100 researches up to date related to the waqf that has been published on scientific journals. There are some issues that will know the answer. For instance, what percentage related to waqf research during 5 years period? How does the type of waqf research and its composition. How to approach waqf research associated with the use of quantitative research, qualitative or mixed method.
In addition, focus on this study also tries to examine more in any related to

DISCUSSION
There are 100 journal that have been published both national and international journals are selected which are related to waqf from 5 years observation, from 2011 to 2015. Table 1 Table 2 shows the type of research that used for each publication Journal that observed. According to Sekaran (2013)  According to Punch (2013), there are 3 types of research approach i.e. qualitative approach, quantitative approach and mixed method approach (mixed method). Table 3 shows the research methodology used for each published journal in 5 years period from 2011 to 2015. The most used research method is the qualitative approach some 81 journals. Then the quantitative approach some 15 journals and the mixed method is only 4 journals.      In addition, table 6 shows the sub country which becomes area of the waqf research. The group of countries which the most becomes waqf research area are South East Asia (68 countries), Middle East (10 countries), Africa (7 countries), South Asia (5) and other countries (10 countries). there are many discussions related to waqf journal that published has discussed.
The most publication is in 2014 as much as 32 journals. Second, generally, the author prefers using descriptive research methods to answer the waqf phenomenon in a certain countries such as: 67 journals while the analysis method is 20 journals, and the empirical method is 13 journals. Third, in general, from 100 publication journals uses the qualitative approach to elaborate the waqf as much as 81 Journals, quantitative approach is 15 journals, and mixed method is 4 journals. Fourth, the subject waqf journal is more related to the waqf management and then followed by waqf institutions, and the collection and distribution of waqf.
Fifth, Malaysia is the most area of waqf study meanwhile Indonesia journal becomes majority on publication of waqf journal. year. In addition, the issues of waqf more examined or discussed using descriptive methods and qualitative research. The subject discussion that the most discussed is the waqf management. The waqf management is suspected to have a crucial role for increasing the effectiveness of waqf. In addition, the discussion of waqf is still dominated by non-cash waqf.

CONCLUSION
Research on waqf has an important role to the Moslem society in realize benefits from the fund management optimization waqf for empowering the local economy. The discussion of waqf was still dominated by the discussion of the noncash waqf rather than the cash waqf from 2011 to 2015, this provides an overview in general for researchers or experts to discuss more that related to the cash waqf.
It has a great power in collecting funds from the community then it is used as a waqf productive for empowering the local economy. In addition, comparison of quantitative research method is still far less than the qualitative approach. This is the potential for increasing the waqf research using quantitative methods.